Published Online
on July 15, 2002

A more recent version of this article appeared on August 6, 2002

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Submitted on March 13, 2002
Revised on May 8, 2002
Accepted on May 9, 2002

Bionic Technology Revitalizes Native Baroreflex Function in Rats With Baroreflex Failure

Takayuki Sato MD^*, Toru Kawada MD, Masaru Sugimachi MD, and Kenji Sunagawa MD

From the Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics (T.S., T.K., M.S., K.S.), National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan; and the Department of Cardiovascular Control (T.S.), Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tacsato-kochimed{at}umin.ac.jp.

Background—We developed a bionic technology for the treatment of baroreflex failure and tested its efficacy in restoration of arterial pressure against head-up tilt (HUT) in rats with baroreflex failure.

Methods and Results—The bionic baroreflex system (BBS) was a negative feedback system controlled by a computer, the artificial vasomotor center. It sensed systemic arterial pressure (SAP) through a micromanometer placed in the aortic arch and automatically computed the frequency of a pulse train to stimulate sympathetic efferent nerves. We selected the celiac ganglion as the sympathetic vasomotor interface. To make this system bionic, the operational rule of the artificial vasomotor center (H_BRPSTM; BRP indicates baroreceptor pressure; STM, electrical stimulation) was actively matched to that of the native center. First, we identified the open-loop transfer functions of the native baroreflex control of SAP (H_Native) and the response of SAP to electrical stimulation of the celiac ganglion (H_STMSAP). We computed H_BRPSTM from H_Native/H_STMSAP and transplanted the operational rule into the computer. In 10 rats with baroreflex failure, we evaluated the performance of the BBS during rapid hypotension induced by HUT. Abrupt HUT dropped SAP by 34±6 mm Hg in 2 seconds and by 52±5 mm Hg in 10 seconds. During real-time execution of the BBS, on the other hand, the fall in SAP was 21±5 mm Hg at 2 seconds and 15±6 mm Hg at 10 seconds after HUT. These arterial responses controlled by the BBS were indistinguishable from those by the native baroreflex.

Conclusions—We concluded that the BBS revitalized the native baroreflex function in rats with baroreflex failure.

Key words: baroreceptors • blood pressure • dynamics • electrical stimulation • nervous system, sympathetic

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