Published Online
on September 23, 2002

A more recent version of this article appeared on October 1, 2002

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Submitted on July 2, 2002
Revised on August 13, 2002
Accepted on August 15, 2002

New Efficient Catheter-Based System for Myocardial Gene Delivery

Ronen Beeri MD, J. Luis Guerrero BS, Gregory Supple BS, Suzanne Sullivan BS, Robert A. Levine MD, and Roger J. Hajjar MD^*

From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rhajjar{at}partners.org.

Background—Manipulating gene expression in the failing heart has therapeutic promise, but until now efficient and homogeneous cardiac gene delivery has required an open-chest approach. This study examines the hypothesis that vector delivery promoted by echo contrast microbubbles will be maximized by injection of the vectors into the aortic root with brief balloon occlusion above the sinuses, while at the same time prolonging diastole and vasodilating with acetylcholine (ACh) to maximize coronary exposure.

Methods and Results—After incubation with albumin-coated perfluorocarbon microbubbles, an adenovirus encoding a reporter gene was infused into the aortic root of rats. To maximize delivery, the aortic root was transiently occluded with a balloon catheter during a brief ACh-induced asystole. Ultrasound was used to image the delivery and disrupt the microbubbles. Aortic occlusion with concomitant ACh increased myocardial gene expression for virus + microbubbles by >2.5-fold, from 925±165 to 2358±376 relative units (RU; P<0.01). This delivery system also produced substantial expression with vector alone (1473±549 RU). All uptakes were significant compared with 433±332 RU without virus.

Conclusions—An adenoviral delivery system combining echo contrast with a catheter-based technique to maximize coronary perfusion increases gene delivery compared with echo contrast alone. This novel method permits efficient percutaneous gene delivery in closed-chest animals.

Key words: gene therapy • echocardiography • catheterization

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