on April 12, 2004
Circulation. 2004
Published online before print April 12, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000127577.63323.24
Published online before print April 12, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000127577.63323.24
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
© American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
C-Reactive Protein Attenuates Endothelial Progenitor Cell Survival, Differentiation, and Function
Further Evidence of a Mechanistic Link Between C-Reactive Protein and Cardiovascular Disease
From the Division of Cardiac Surgery (S.V., S.-H.L., P.E.S., C.-H.W., M.V.B., D.A.G.M., R.D.W., P.W.M.F.), Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and the Division of Cardiology (M.A.K., L.Z., D.J.S., M.J.B.K.), Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Correspondence to Subodh Verma, MD, PhD, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, 14EN-215, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4. E-mail subodh.verma{at}sympatico.ca
Received January 28, 2003; de novo received February 17, 2004; revision received March 16, 2004; accepted March 16, 2004.
Background— Myocardial ischemia provides a potent stimulus to angiogenesis, and the mobilization and differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has been shown to be important in this process. An elevated level of C-reactive protein (CRP) has emerged as one of the most powerful predictors of cardiovascular disease. However, the impact of CRP on EPC biology is unknown.
Methods and Results— EPCs were isolated from the peripheral venous blood of healthy male volunteers. Cells were cultured in endothelial cell basal medium-2 in the absence and presence of CRP (5 to 20 µg/mL), rosiglitazone (1 µmol/L), and/or vascular endothelial growth factor. EPC differentiation, survival, and function were assayed. CRP at concentrations 
15 µg/mL significantly reduced EPC cell number, inhibited the expression of the endothelial cell–specific markers Tie-2, EC-lectin, and VE-cadherin, significantly increased EPC apoptosis, and impaired EPC-induced angiogenesis. EPC-induced angiogenesis was dependent on the presence of nitric oxide, and CRP treatment caused a decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression by EPCs. However, all of these detrimental CRP-mediated effects on EPCs were attenuated by pretreatment with rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-
(PPAR) agonist.
Conclusions— Human recombinant CRP, at concentrations known to predict adverse vascular outcomes, directly inhibits EPC differentiation, survival, and function, key components of angiogenesis and the response to chronic ischemia. This occurs in part via an effect of CRP to reduce EPC eNOS expression. The PPAR agonist rosiglitazone inhibits the negative effects of CRP on EPC biology. The ability of CRP to inhibit EPC differentiation and survival may represent an important mechanism that further links inflammation to cardiovascular disease.
Key Words: C-reactive protein • cells • apoptosis • nitric oxide synthase
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  A. M. Leone, M. Valgimigli, M. B. Giannico, V. Zaccone, M. Perfetti, D. D'Amario, A. G. Rebuzzi, and F. Crea From bone marrow to the arterial wall: the ongoing tale of endothelial progenitor cells Eur. Heart J., April 2, 2009; 30(8): 890 - 899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Nakamura, M. Kimura, C. Goto, K. Noma, M. Yoshizumi, K. Chayama, Y. Kihara, and Y. Higashi Cigarette Smoking Abolishes Ischemic Preconditioning-Induced Augmentation of Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation Hypertension, April 1, 2009; 53(4): 674 - 681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. B. Grammer, W. Marz, W. Renner, B. O. Bohm, and M. M. Hoffmann C-reactive protein genotypes associated with circulating C-reactive protein but not with angiographic coronary artery disease: the LURIC study Eur. Heart J., January 2, 2009; 30(2): 170 - 182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Eickhoff, A. Valipour, D. Kiss, M. Schreder, L. Cekici, K. Geyer, R. Kohansal, and O. C. Burghuber Determinants of Systemic Vascular Function in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 15, 2008; 178(12): 1211 - 1218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Grisar, C. W. Steiner, M. Bonelli, T. Karonitsch, I. Schwarzinger, G. Weigel, G. Steiner, and J. S. Smolen Systemic lupus erythematosus patients exhibit functional deficiencies of endothelial progenitor cells Rheumatology, October 1, 2008; 47(10): 1476 - 1483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-K. Han, H.-S. Lee, H.-M. Yang, J. Hur, S.-I. Jun, J.-Y. Kim, C.-H. Cho, G.-Y. Koh, J. M. Peters, K.-W. Park, et al. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{delta} Agonist Enhances Vasculogenesis by Regulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells Through Genomic and Nongenomic Activations of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway Circulation, September 2, 2008; 118(10): 1021 - 1033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. P. Brugts, A. W. van den Beld, L. J. Hofland, K. van der Wansem, P. M. van Koetsveld, J. Frystyk, S. W. J. Lamberts, and J. A. M. J. L. Janssen Low Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Bioactivity in Elderly Men Is Associated with Increased Mortality J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2008; 93(7): 2515 - 2522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-P. Diller, S. van Eijl, D. O. Okonko, L. S. Howard, O. Ali, T. Thum, S. J. Wort, E. Bedard, J. S. R. Gibbs, J. Bauersachs, et al. Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients With Eisenmenger Syndrome and Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Circulation, June 10, 2008; 117(23): 3020 - 3030. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Dimmeler and A. Leri Aging and Disease as Modifiers of Efficacy of Cell Therapy Circ. Res., June 6, 2008; 102(11): 1319 - 1330. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Dandona Effects of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Agents on C-Reactive Protein Mayo Clin. Proc., March 1, 2008; 83(3): 333 - 342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. F. M. Wouters, K. H. Groenewegen, M. A. Dentener, and J. H. J. Vernooy Systemic Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Role of Exacerbations Proceedings of the ATS, December 1, 2007; 4(8): 626 - 634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Werner, C. H. Kamani, C. Gensch, M. Bohm, and U. Laufs The Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-{gamma} Agonist Pioglitazone Increases Number and Function of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Normal Glucose Tolerance Diabetes, October 1, 2007; 56(10): 2609 - 2615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P.-H. Huang, Y.-H. Chen, Y.-L. Chen, T.-C. Wu, J.-W. Chen, and S.-J. Lin Vascular endothelial function and circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with cardiac syndrome X Heart, September 1, 2007; 93(9): 1064 - 1070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Teoh, A. Quan, and S. Verma Does C-reactive protein predict saphenous vein graft patency? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., August 1, 2007; 134(2): 277 - 279. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X.-Y. Zheng and L. Liu Remnant-like lipoprotein particles impair endothelial function: direct and indirect effects on nitric oxide synthase J. Lipid Res., August 1, 2007; 48(8): 1673 - 1680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Grad, M. Golomb, I. Mor-Yosef, N. Koroukhov, C. Lotan, E. R. Edelman, and H. D. Danenberg Transgenic expression of human C-reactive protein suppresses endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and bioactivity after vascular injury Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): H489 - H495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Szmitko and S. Verma C-Reactive Protein and Reendothelialization: NO Involvement Circ. Res., May 25, 2007; 100(10): 1405 - 1407. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Schwartz, S. Osborne-Lawrence, L. Hahner, L. L. Gibson, A. K. Gormley, W. Vongpatanasin, W. Zhu, R. A. Word, D. Seetharam, S. Black, et al. C-Reactive Protein Downregulates Endothelial NO Synthase and Attenuates Reendothelialization In Vivo in Mice Circ. Res., May 25, 2007; 100(10): 1452 - 1459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. P. Fadini, S. Sartore, C. Agostini, and A. Avogaro Significance of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Subjects With Diabetes Diabetes Care, May 1, 2007; 30(5): 1305 - 1313. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Thum, D. Fraccarollo, M. Schultheiss, S. Froese, P. Galuppo, J. D. Widder, D. Tsikas, G. Ertl, and J. Bauersachs Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling Impairs Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilization and Function in Diabetes Diabetes, March 1, 2007; 56(3): 666 - 674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Thum, S. Hoeber, S. Froese, I. Klink, D. O. Stichtenoth, P. Galuppo, M. Jakob, D. Tsikas, S. D. Anker, P. A. Poole-Wilson, et al. Age-Dependent Impairment of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Is Corrected by Growth Hormone Mediated Increase of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Circ. Res., February 16, 2007; 100(3): 434 - 443. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Fujii, S.-H. Li, P. E. Szmitko, P. W.M. Fedak, and S. Verma C-Reactive Protein Alters Antioxidant Defenses and Promotes Apoptosis in Endothelial Progenitor Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2006; 26(11): 2476 - 2482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. N Hanson, H. M Engelman, D L. Alekel, K. L Schalinske, M. L Kohut, and M. B Reddy Effects of soy isoflavones and phytate on homocysteine, C-reactive protein, and iron status in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2006; 84(4): 774 - 780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Stenvinkel C-reactive protein--does it promote vascular disease? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., October 1, 2006; 21(10): 2718 - 2720. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Groner, M. Joshi, and J. A. Bauer Pediatric Precursors of Adult Cardiovascular Disease: Noninvasive Assessment of Early Vascular Changes in Children and Adolescents Pediatrics, October 1, 2006; 118(4): 1683 - 1691. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Marumo, H. Uchimura, M. Hayashi, K. Hishikawa, and T. Fujita Aldosterone Impairs Bone Marrow-Derived Progenitor Cell Formation Hypertension, September 1, 2006; 48(3): 490 - 496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. P Casas, T. Shah, J. Cooper, E. Hawe, A. D McMahon, D. Gaffney, C. J Packard, D. S O'Reilly, I. Juhan-Vague, J. S Yudkin, et al. Insight into the nature of the CRP-coronary event association using Mendelian randomization Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2006; 35(4): 922 - 931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kobayashi, T. Kondo, N. Inoue, M. Aoki, M. Mizuno, K. Komori, J. Yoshida, and T. Murohara Combination of In Vivo Angiopoietin-1 Gene Transfer and Autologous Bone Marrow Cell Implantation for Functional Therapeutic Angiogenesis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2006; 26(7): 1465 - 1472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. P. J. den Elzen, J. G. van Manen, E. W. Boeschoten, R. T. Krediet, and F. W. Dekker The effect of single and repeatedly high concentrations of C-reactive protein on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in patients starting with dialysis Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., June 1, 2006; 21(6): 1588 - 1595. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. X. Ma, B. Zhou, Z. Chen, Q. Ren, S. H. Lu, T. Sawamura, and Z. C. Han Oxidized low density lipoprotein impairs endothelial progenitor cells by regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2006; 47(6): 1227 - 1237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Oroszlan, E. Herczenik, S. Rugonfalvi-Kiss, A. Roos, A. J Nauta, M. R Daha, I. Gombos, I. Karadi, L. Romics, Z. Prohaszka, et al. Proinflammatory changes in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells can be induced neither by native nor by modified CRP Int. Immunol., June 1, 2006; 18(6): 871 - 878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. M. Scirica, D. A. Morrow, S. Verma, S. Devaraj, I. Jialal, B. M. Scirica, D. A. Morrow, S. Verma, S. Devaraj, and I. Jialal The Verdict Is Still Out Circulation, May 2, 2006; 113(17): 2128 - 2151. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Esposito, M. Ciotola, D. Carleo, B. Schisano, F. Saccomanno, F. C. Sasso, D. Cozzolino, R. Assaloni, D. Merante, A. Ceriello, et al. Effect of Rosiglitazone on Endothelial Function and Inflammatory Markers in Patients With the Metabolic Syndrome Diabetes Care, May 1, 2006; 29(5): 1071 - 1076. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Paradisi, A. Biaggi, R. Savone, F. Ianniello, C. Tomei, L. Caforio, and A. Caruso Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Healthy Women with Previous Gestational Hypertension J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2006; 91(4): 1233 - 1238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Dhaun, J. Goddard, and DavidJ. Webb The Endothelin System and Its Antagonism in Chronic Kidney Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2006; 17(4): 943 - 955. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. J. Suuronen, S. Wong, V. Kapila, G. Waghray, S. C. Whitman, T. G. Mesana, and M. Ruel Generation of CD133+ cells from CD133- peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their properties Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2006; 70(1): 126 - 135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. P.H. van Wijk, E. J.P. de Koning, M. C. Cabezas, J. Joven, J. op't Roodt, T. J. Rabelink, and A. M. Hoepelman Functional and Structural Markers of Atherosclerosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 21, 2006; 47(6): 1117 - 1123. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Armstrong, D. A. Morrow, and M. S. Sabatine Inflammatory Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Part II: Acute-Phase Reactants and Biomarkers of Endothelial Cell Activation Circulation, February 21, 2006; 113(7): e152 - e155. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Werner and G. Nickenig Influence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Limitations for Therapy? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2006; 26(2): 257 - 266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K Herbrig, S Haensel, U Oelschlaegel, F Pistrosch, S Foerster, and J Passauer Endothelial dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a reduced number and impaired function of endothelial progenitor cells Ann Rheum Dis, February 1, 2006; 65(2): 157 - 163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Nasermoaddeli, M. Sekine, and S. Kagamimori Gender Differences in Associations of C-Reactive Protein With Atherosclerotic Risk Factors and Psychosocial Characteristics in Japanese Civil Servants Psychosom Med, January 1, 2006; 68(1): 58 - 63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. P. Hewitt, P. J. Mark, and B. J. Waddell Placental Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Rat Pregnancy and the Effect of Increased Glucocorticoid Exposure Biol Reprod, January 1, 2006; 74(1): 23 - 28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. K. Koh, S. H. Han, and M. J. Quon Inflammatory Markers and the Metabolic Syndrome: Insights From Therapeutic Interventions J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 6, 2005; 46(11): 1978 - 1985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D.-H. Kang, S.-K. Park, I.-K. Lee, and R. J. Johnson Uric Acid-Induced C-Reactive Protein Expression: Implication on Cell Proliferation and Nitric Oxide Production of Human Vascular Cells J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2005; 16(12): 3553 - 3562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Thum, D. Tsikas, S. Stein, M. Schultheiss, M. Eigenthaler, S. D. Anker, P. A. Poole-Wilson, G. Ertl, and J. Bauersachs Suppression of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Human Coronary Artery Disease by the Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor Asymmetric Dimethylarginine J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 2005; 46(9): 1693 - 1701. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Pandolfi C-reactive protein: A potential new molecular link between inflammation, thrombosis and vascular cell proliferation? Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2005; 68(1): 3 - 4. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. T. Chan, S. H. Li, and S. Verma Nocturnal hemodialysis is associated with restoration of impaired endothelial progenitor cell biology in end-stage renal disease Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, October 1, 2005; 289(4): F679 - F684. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ruel, E. J. Suuronen, J. Song, V. Kapila, D. Gunning, G. Waghray, F. D. Rubens, and T. G. Mesana Effects of off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting on function and viability of circulating endothelial progenitor cells J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 2005; 130(3): 633 - 639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Sugawara, M. Mitsui-Saito, C. Hayashi, T. Hoshiai, M. Senoo, H. Chisaka, N. Yaegashi, and K. Okamura Decrease and Senescence of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients with Preeclampsia J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2005; 90(9): 5329 - 5332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Z. Duan, C. Y. Ivashchenko, M. W. Russell, D. S. Milstone, and R. M. Mortensen Cardiomyocyte-Specific Knockout and Agonist of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma} Both Induce Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice Circ. Res., August 19, 2005; 97(4): 372 - 379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Trion, M.P.M. de Maat, J.W. Jukema, A. van der Laarse, M.C. Maas, E.H. Offerman, L.M. Havekes, A.J. Szalai, H.M.G. Princen, and J.J. Emeis No Effect of C-Reactive Protein on Early Atherosclerosis Development in Apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden/Human C-Reactive Protein Transgenic Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2005; 25(8): 1635 - 1640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Liu, S. Wang, A. Deb, K. A. Nath, Z. S. Katusic, J. P. McConnell, and N. M. Caplice Proapoptotic, Antimigratory, Antiproliferative, and Antiangiogenic Effects of Commercial C-Reactive Protein on Various Human Endothelial Cell Types In Vitro: Implications of Contaminating Presence of Sodium Azide in Commercial Preparation Circ. Res., July 22, 2005; 97(2): 135 - 143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Thum and J. Bauersachs Spotlight on endothelial progenitor cell inhibitors: short review Vascular Medicine, July 1, 2005; 10(1_suppl): S59 - S64. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Roman, R. B. Devereux, J. E. Schwartz, M. D. Lockshin, S. A. Paget, A. Davis, M. K. Crow, L. Sammaritano, D. M. Levine, B.-A. Shankar, et al. Arterial Stiffness in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 194 - 199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Okin, M. J. Roman, L. G. Best, E. T. Lee, J. M. Galloway, B. V. Howard, and R. B. Devereux C-Reactive Protein and Electrocardiographic ST-Segment Depression Additively Predict Mortality: The Strong Heart Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 7, 2005; 45(11): 1787 - 1793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. E. Taylor, J. C. Giddings, and C. W. van den Berg C-Reactive Protein-Induced In Vitro Endothelial Cell Activation Is an Artefact Caused by Azide and Lipopolysaccharide Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2005; 25(6): 1225 - 1230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Thum and J. Bauersachs Spotlight on endothelial progenitor cell inhibitors: short review Vascular Medicine, May 1, 2005; 10(2_suppl): S59 - S64. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. N. Swafford Jr., I. N. Bratz, J. D. Knudson, P. A. Rogers, J. M. Timmerman, J. D. Tune, and G. M. Dick C-reactive protein does not relax vascular smooth muscle: effects mediated by sodium azide in commercially available preparations Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2005; 288(4): H1786 - H1795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. L. Schiffrin Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and cardiovascular remodeling Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2005; 288(3): H1037 - H1043. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Grisar, D. Aletaha, C. W. Steiner, T. Kapral, S. Steiner, D. Seidinger, G. Weigel, I. Schwarzinger, W. Wolozcszuk, G. Steiner, et al. Depletion of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Circulation, January 18, 2005; 111(2): 204 - 211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|