(Circulation. 2001;103:192.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Lack of Neointimal Proliferation After Implantation of Sirolimus-Coated Stents in Human Coronary Arteries
A Quantitative Coronary Angiography and Three-Dimensional Intravascular Ultrasound Study
From the Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology, São Paulo, Brazil (J.E.S., M.A.C., A.A., A.S.A., F.F., I.M.F.P., A.C.S., R.S., L.A.M., A.G.M.R.S.); Cordis, a Johnson & Johnson Company, Warren, NJ (R.F., J.J.); Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.J.P.); and Thoraxcenter, Dijkzigt University Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.S.).
Correspondence to Prof J. Eduardo Sousa, MD, PhD, Director of the Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology, Av Dr Dante Pazzanese, 500 - Ibirapuera, 04012180, São Paulo, Brazil. E-mail diretoriaidpc{at}uol.com.br
Background—Restenosis remains an important limitation of interventional cardiology. Therefore, we aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of sirolimus (a cell-cycle inhibitor)-coated BX Velocity stents.
Methods and
Results—Thirty patients with angina pectoris
were electively treated with 2 different formulations of
sirolimus-coated stents (slow release [SR], n=15, and fast release
[FR], n=15). All stents were successfully delivered, and patients
were discharged without clinical complications. Independent core
laboratories analyzed angiographic and 3D volumetric intravascular
ultrasound data (immediately after procedure and at 4-month follow-up).
Eight-month clinical follow-up was obtained for all patients. There was
minimal neointimal hyperplasia in both groups (11.0±3.0% in the SR
group and 10.4±3.0% in the FR group,
P=NS) by ultrasound and
quantitative coronary angiography (in-stent late loss, 0.09±0.3 mm
[SR] and -0.02±0.3 mm [FR]; in-lesion late loss, 0.16±0.3 mm
[SR] and -0.1±0.3 mm [FR]). No in-stent or edge restenosis
(diameter stenosis 
50%) was observed. No major clinical events
(stent thrombosis, repeat revascularization, myocardial infarction, or
death) had occurred by 8 months.
Conclusions—The implantation of sirolimus-coated BX Velocity stents is feasible and safe and elicits minimal neointimal proliferation. Additional placebo-controlled trials are required to confirm these promising results.
Key Words: stents • restenosis • angioplasty
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  J. Mehilli, R. A. Byrne, A. Wieczorek, R. Iijima, S. Schulz, O. Bruskina, J. Pache, R. Wessely, A. Schomig, A. Kastrati, et al. Randomized trial of three rapamycin-eluting stents with different coating strategies for the reduction of coronary restenosis Eur. Heart J., June 11, 2008; (2008) ehn253v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. A. Nemenoff, P. A. Simpson, S. B. Furgeson, N. Kaplan-Albuquerque, J. Crossno, P. J. Garl, J. Cooper, and M. C.M. Weiser-Evans Targeted Deletion of PTEN in Smooth Muscle Cells Results in Vascular Remodeling and Recruitment of Progenitor Cells Through Induction of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1{alpha} Circ. Res., May 9, 2008; 102(9): 1036 - 1045. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N Melikian and W Wijns Drug-eluting stents: a critique Heart, February 1, 2008; 94(2): 145 - 152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. N. Helmus, D. F. Gibbons, and D. Cebon Biocompatibility: Meeting a Key Functional Requirement of Next-Generation Medical Devices Toxicol Pathol, January 1, 2008; 36(1): 70 - 80. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Grube, K. D. Dawkins, G. Guagliumi, A. P. Banning, K. Zmudka, A. Colombo, L. Thuesen, K. Hauptman, J. Marco, W. Wijns, et al. TAXUS VI 2-year follow-up: randomized comparison of polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting with bare metal stents for treatment of long, complex lesions Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2007; 28(21): 2578 - 2582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M.-C. Morice, P. W. Serruys, P. Barragan, C. Bode, G.-A. Van Es, H.-P. Stoll, D. Snead, L. Mauri, D. E. Cutlip, and E. Sousa Long-Term Clinical Outcomes With Sirolimus-Eluting Coronary Stents: Five-Year Results of the RAVEL Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 2, 2007; 50(14): 1299 - 1304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Siqueira, A. A. Abizaid, J. d. R. Costa, F. Feres, L. A. Mattos, R. Staico, A. A. Abizaid, L. F. Tanajura, A. Chaves, M. Centemero, et al. Late incomplete apposition after drug-eluting stent implantation: incidence and potential for adverse clinical outcomes Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2007; 28(11): 1304 - 1309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. L. Ma, X. Z. Ruan, S. H. Powis, J. F. Moorhead, and Z. Varghese Anti-atherosclerotic effects of sirolimus on human vascular smooth muscle cells Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): H2721 - H2728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Menichelli, A. Parma, E. Pucci, R. Fiorilli, F. De Felice, M. Nazzaro, A. Giulivi, D. Alborino, A. Azzellino, and R. Violini Randomized Trial of Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Bare-Metal Stent in Acute Myocardial Infarction (SESAMI) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 15, 2007; 49(19): 1924 - 1930. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Ben-Gal, R. Mohr, R. Braunstein, A. Finkelstein, N. Hansson, A. Hendler, Y. Moshkovitz, and G. Uretzky Revascularization of Left Anterior Descending Artery With Drug-Eluting Stents: Comparison With Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2006; 82(6): 2067 - 2071. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Pfisterer, H. P. Brunner-La Rocca, P. T. Buser, P. Rickenbacher, P. Hunziker, C. Mueller, R. Jeger, F. Bader, S. Osswald, C. Kaiser, et al. Late Clinical Events After Clopidogrel Discontinuation May Limit the Benefit of Drug-Eluting Stents: An Observational Study of Drug-Eluting Versus Bare-Metal Stents J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 2006; (2006) j.jacc.2006.10.026v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. K. Steigen, M. Maeng, R. Wiseth, A. Erglis, I. Kumsars, I. Narbute, P. Gunnes, J. Mannsverk, O. Meyerdierks, S. Rotevatn, et al. Randomized Study on Simple Versus Complex Stenting of Coronary Artery Bifurcation Lesions: The Nordic Bifurcation Study Circulation, October 31, 2006; 114(18): 1955 - 1961. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Ilkay, L. Tirikli, I. Ozercan, M. Yavuzkir, I. Karaca, A. Rahman, and N. Arslan Oral Mycophenolate Mofetil Prevents In-Stent Intimal Hyperplasia Without Edge Effect Angiology, October 1, 2006; 57(5): 577 - 584. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Takano, T. Ohba, S. Inami, K. Seimiya, S. Sakai, and K. Mizuno Angioscopic differences in neointimal coverage and in persistence of thrombus between sirolimus-eluting stents and bare metal stents after a 6-month implantation Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2006; 27(18): 2189 - 2195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Fajadet, W. Wijns, G.-J. Laarman, K.-H. Kuck, J. Ormiston, T. Munzel, J. J. Popma, P. J. Fitzgerald, R. Bonan, R. E. Kuntz, et al. Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study of the Endeavor Zotarolimus-Eluting Phosphorylcholine-Encapsulated Stent for Treatment of Native Coronary Artery Lesions: Clinical and Angiographic Results of the ENDEAVOR II Trial Circulation, August 22, 2006; 114(8): 798 - 806. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Boyle, S. P. Schulman, and J. M. Hare Stem Cell Therapy for Cardiac Repair: Ready for the Next Step Circulation, July 25, 2006; 114(4): 339 - 352. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Liistro, M. Fineschi, P. Angioli, G. Sinicropi, G. Falsini, T. Gori, K. Ducci, A. Bravi, and L. Bolognese Effectiveness and Safety of Sirolimus Stent Implantation for Coronary In-Stent Restenosis: The TRUE (Tuscany Registry of Sirolimus for Unselected In-Stent Restenosis) Registry J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 18, 2006; 48(2): 270 - 275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Giordano, R. Avellino, P. Ferraro, S. Romano, N. Corcione, and M. F. Romano Rapamycin antagonizes NF-{kappa}B nuclear translocation activated by TNF-{alpha} in primary vascular smooth muscle cells and enhances apoptosis Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2006; 290(6): H2459 - H2465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. W. Serruys Fourth Annual American College of Cardiology International Lecture: A Journey in the Interventional Field J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 2, 2006; 47(9): 1754 - 1768. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Weisz, M. B. Leon, D. R. Holmes Jr, D. J. Kereiakes, M. R. Clark, B. M. Cohen, S. G. Ellis, P. Coleman, C. Hill, C. Shi, et al. Two-Year Outcomes After Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation: Results From the Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in de Novo Native Coronary Lesions (SIRIUS) Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 4, 2006; 47(7): 1350 - 1355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. E. Muhs, P. J. Gagne, T. Maldonado, and P. Sheehan Minimally invasive revascularization strategies for chronic lower limb ischemia. International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, March 1, 2006; 5(1): 35 - 39. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Baim, R. Mehran, D. J. Kereiakes, T. P. Gross, M. Simons, D. Malenka, and A. V. Kaplan Postmarket Surveillance for Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents: A Comprehensive Approach Circulation, February 14, 2006; 113(6): 891 - 897. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-H. Lee, H.-C. Tan, and Y.-T. Lim Update on Drug-Eluting Stents for Prevention of Restenosis Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, February 1, 2006; 14(1): 75 - 82. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Rodriguez, J. Mieres, C. Fernandez-Pereira, C. F. Vigo, M. Rodriguez-Alemparte, D. Berrocal, L. Grinfeld, and I. Palacios Coronary Stent Thrombosis in the Current Drug-Eluting Stent Era: Insights From the ERACI III Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 3, 2006; 47(1): 205 - 207. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Rodriguez, J. Mieres, C. Fernandez-Pereira, C. F. Vigo, M. Rodriguez-Alemparte, D. Berrocal, L. Grinfeld, and I. Palacios Coronary Stent Thrombosis in the Current Drug-Eluting Stent Era: Insights From the ERACI III Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 13, 2005; (2005) j.jacc.2005.10.016v1. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Herz, Y. Moshkovitz, D. Loberman, G. Uretzky, R. Braunstein, A. Hendler, E. Zivi, Y. Ben-Gal, and R. Mohr Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Bilateral Internal Thoracic Grafting for Multivessel Coronary Disease Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2005; 80(6): 2086 - 2090. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Pislaru and R. D. Simari The Translation of Transcription Circ. Res., November 25, 2005; 97(11): 1083 - 1084. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Aoki, A. C. Abizaid, P. W. Serruys, A. T.L. Ong, E. Boersma, J. E. Sousa, and N. Bruining Evaluation of Four-Year Coronary Artery Response After Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation Using Serial Quantitative Intravascular Ultrasound and Computer-Assisted Grayscale Value Analysis for Plaque Composition in Event-Free Patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 2005; 46(9): 1670 - 1676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A E Rodriguez, M Rodriguez Alemparte, C F Vigo, C Fernandez Pereira, C Llaurado, D Vetcher, A Pocovi, and J Ambrose Role of oral rapamycin to prevent restenosis in patients with de novo lesions undergoing coronary stenting: results of the Argentina single centre study (ORAR trial) Heart, November 1, 2005; 91(11): 1433 - 1437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Rodriguez, J. Baldi, C. F. Pereira, J. Navia, M. R. Alemparte, A. Delacasa, F. Vigo, D. Vogel, W. O'Neill, I. F. Palacios, et al. Five-Year Follow-Up of the Argentine Randomized Trial of Coronary Angioplasty With Stenting Versus Coronary Bypass Surgery in Patients With Multiple Vessel Disease (ERACI II) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 16, 2005; 46(4): 582 - 588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Moshkovitz, R. Mohr, R. Braunstein, E. Zivi, G. Uretzky, Y. Ben-Gal, and I. Herz Revascularization of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery in Patients With Single and Multivessel Disease: Comparison Between Off-Pump Internal Thoracic Artery and Drug-Eluting Stent Chest, August 1, 2005; 128(2): 804 - 809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Togni, S. Windecker, R. Cocchia, P. Wenaweser, S. Cook, M. Billinger, B. Meier, and O. M. Hess Sirolimus-Eluting Stents Associated With Paradoxic Coronary Vasoconstriction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 19, 2005; 46(2): 231 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. Henry, M. M. Bonar, P. N. Kearns, H. Cui, M. M. Mutchler, M. V. Martin, A. R. Orsini, H. L. Elford, C. A. Bush, J. L. Zweier, et al. Inhibition of Ribonucleotide Reductase Reduces Neointimal Formation following Balloon Injury J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2005; 314(1): 70 - 76. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Mauri, E. J. Orav, and R. E. Kuntz Late Loss in Lumen Diameter and Binary Restenosis for Drug-Eluting Stent Comparison Circulation, June 28, 2005; 111(25): 3435 - 3442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Sakakibara, B. Liu, S. Hollenbeck, and K. C. Kent Rapamycin inhibits fibronectin-induced migration of the human arterial smooth muscle line (E47) through the mammalian target of rapamycin Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2005; 288(6): H2861 - H2868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. B. Mehrhof, R. Schmidt-Ullrich, R. Dietz, and C. Scheidereit Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation: Role of NF-{kappa}B Revisited Circ. Res., May 13, 2005; 96(9): 958 - 964. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Hermiller, A. Raizner, L. Cannon, P. A. Gurbel, M. A. Kutcher, S. C. Wong, M. E. Russell, S. G. Ellis, R. Mehran, G. W. Stone, et al. Outcomes with the polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting TAXUS stent in patients with diabetes mellitus: The TAXUS-IV trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 19, 2005; 45(8): 1172 - 1179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Fujii, S. G. Carlier, G. S. Mintz, Y.-m. Yang, I. Moussa, G. Weisz, G. Dangas, R. Mehran, A. J. Lansky, E. M. Kreps, et al. Stent underexpansion and residual reference segment stenosis are related to stent thrombosis after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation: An intravascular ultrasound study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 5, 2005; 45(7): 995 - 998. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. W. Johnson, Y. X. Wu, C. Herdeg, A. Baumbach, A. C. Newby, K. R. Karsch, and M. Oberhoff Stent-Based Delivery of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 Adenovirus Inhibits Neointimal Formation in Porcine Coronary Arteries Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 2005; 25(4): 754 - 759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Wessely, J. Hausleiter, C. Michaelis, B. Jaschke, M. Vogeser, S. Milz, B. Behnisch, T. Schratzenstaller, M. Renke-Gluszko, M. Stover, et al. Inhibition of Neointima Formation by a Novel Drug-Eluting Stent System That Allows for Dose-Adjustable, Multiple, and On-Site Stent Coating Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 2005; 25(4): 748 - 753. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Bavry, D. J. Kumbhani, T. J. Helton, and D. L. Bhatt What is the risk of stent thrombosis associated with the use of paclitaxel-eluting stents for percutaneous coronary intervention?: A meta-analysis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 15, 2005; 45(6): 941 - 946. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. K. Laskey Late Follow-Up From RAVEL: Transition From Intention to Observation Circulation, March 1, 2005; 111(8): 958 - 960. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Herz, Y. Moshkovitz, A. Hendler, S. Z. Adam, G. Uretzky, Y. Ben-Gal, and R. Mohr Revascularization of Left Anterior Descending Artery With Drug-Eluting Stents: Comparison With Off-Pump Surgery Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2005; 79(1): 88 - 92. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Ardissino, C. Cavallini, E. Bramucci, C. Indolfi, A. Marzocchi, A. Manari, G. Angeloni, G. Carosio, E. Bonizzoni, S. Colusso, et al. Sirolimus-Eluting vs Uncoated Stents for Prevention of Restenosis in Small Coronary Arteries: A Randomized Trial JAMA, December 8, 2004; 292(22): 2727 - 2734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Lemos, N. Mercado, R. T. van Domburg, R. E. Kuntz, W. W. O'Neill, and P. W. Serruys Comparison of Late Luminal Loss Response Pattern After Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation or Conventional Stenting Circulation, November 16, 2004; 110(20): 3199 - 3205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Keogh, M. Richardson, P. Ruygrok, P. Spratt, A. Galbraith, G. O'Driscoll, P. Macdonald, D. Esmore, D. Muller, and S. Faddy Sirolimus in De Novo Heart Transplant Recipients Reduces Acute Rejection and Prevents Coronary Artery Disease at 2 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial Circulation, October 26, 2004; 110(17): 2694 - 2700. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Miyahara, H. Koyama, T. Miyata, H. Shigematsu, J.-I. Inoue, T. Takato, and H. Nagawa Inflammatory signaling pathway containing TRAF6 contributes to neointimal formation via diverse mechanisms Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2004; 64(1): 154 - 164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J Carter, M. Aggarwal, G. A Kopia, F. Tio, P. S Tsao, R. Kolata, A. C Yeung, G. Llanos, J. Dooley, and R. Falotico Long-term effects of polymer-based, slow-release, sirolimus-eluting stents in a porcine coronary model Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2004; 63(4): 617 - 624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. H. Walter, M. Cejna, L. Diaz-Sandoval, S. Willis, L. Kirkwood, P. W. Stratford, A. B. Tietz, R. Kirchmair, M. Silver, C. Curry, et al. Local Gene Transfer of phVEGF-2 Plasmid by Gene-Eluting Stents: An Alternative Strategy for Inhibition of Restenosis Circulation, July 6, 2004; 110(1): 36 - 45. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W S Weintraub, E M Mahoney, Z Zhang, H Chu, J Hutton, M Buxton, J Booth, F Nugara, R H Stables, P Dooley, et al. One year comparison of costs of coronary surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention in the stent or surgery trial Heart, July 1, 2004; 90(7): 782 - 788. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R Sindermann, V. Verin, J. W Hopewell, H. P. Rodemann, and J. H Hendry Biological aspects of radiation and drug-eluting stents for the prevention of restenosis Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2004; 63(1): 22 - 30. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Mehran, M. B. Leon, D. A. Feigal, D. Jefferys, M. Simons, N. Chronos, T. J. Fogarty, R. E. Kuntz, D. S. Baim, and A. V. Kaplan Post-Market Approval Surveillance: A Call for a More Integrated and Comprehensive Approach Circulation, June 29, 2004; 109(25): 3073 - 3077. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Sonoda, Y. Morino, J. Ako, M. Terashima, A. H. M. Hassan, H. N. Bonneau, M. B. Leon, J. W. Moses, P. G. Yock, Y. Honda, et al. Impact of final stent dimensions on long-term results following sirolimus-eluting stent implantation: Serial intravascular ultrasound analysis from the sirius trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 2, 2004; 43(11): 1959 - 1963. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Holmes Jr How Many Grails Do We Need? Circulation, May 11, 2004; 109(18): 2158 - 2159. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Schachner, Y. Zou, A. Oberhuber, A. Tzankov, T. Mairinger, G. Laufer, and J. O. Bonatti Local application of rapamycin inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in experimental vein grafts Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 2004; 77(5): 1580 - 1585. |