Circulation. 2005;111:1556-1566
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000159345.00591.8F
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000159345.00591.8F
(Circulation. 2005;111:1556-1566.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.
Basic Science for Clinicians |
Angiogenesis
Where Do We Stand Now?
From the Angiogenesis Research Center and Section of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
Correspondence to Michael Simons, MD, Section of Cardiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Dr, Lebanon, NH 03756. E-mail michael.simons@dartmouth.edu
Key Words: angiogenesis • genetics • hypoxia • pharmacokinetics • imaging
An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract. |
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Introduction |
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The concept of modulating blood vessel growth—stimulation or inhibition—to serve a desired clinical goal has an enormous intellectual appeal. It can be used to relieve ischemia in tissues with compromised arterial blood supply, improve edema in areas of impaired lymphatic drainage, and inhibit the growth of tumors. Other applications involve facilitating reendothelialization and inhibiting neointima formation after vascular injury, preventing the progression of atherosclerotic plaque, and promoting "vascular health" in general. The least-explored application of this concept involves modulating body and organ size by regulating the endothelial cell mass.
All of these areas received a significant, albeit varied, amount of attention in past decades but only recently have we begun approaching clinical applications. Indeed, the first antiangiogenic agent has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of certain types of cancer, and it is hoped that the emergence of therapeutically useful angiogenesis-promoting agents is not far behind. This article examines some of our current understanding of the regulation of blood vessel growth in mature adult tissues and the various therapeutic applications of this knowledge. Obviously, a review of this size cannot cover such a vast field in any amount of detail, and the author regrets not citing primary references for many of the facts and concepts that are mentioned.
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Angiogenesis, Arteriogenesis, Vasculogenesis |
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In the cardiovascular field, there is a tendency to think of new vessel growth occurring almost exclusively in the setting of ischemia. Although ischemia is clearly an important stimulus for such an event, it is not
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