Circulation. 2005;111:363-368
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000153339.27064.14
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000153339.27064.14
(Circulation. 2005;111:363-368.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.
Contemporary Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine |
Endothelial Function
Cardiac Events
From the Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn (A.L.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department of Internal Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany (A.M.Z.).
Correspondence to Amir Lerman, MD, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55902. E-mail lerman.amir@mayo.edu
An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract. |
 |
Introduction |
|---|
A growing body of evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular events. Endothelial dysfunction can be regarded as a syndrome that exhibits systemic manifestations associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The concept of endothelial dysfunction should be extended beyond the conduit vessels into the vascular wall and even to the bone marrow and the progenitor endothelial cells. The present review is focused on the potential underlying mechanism by which endothelial dysfunction may contribute to cardiovascular events. The assessment of endothelial function may emerge as an integral adjuvant test for evaluation of the vulnerable patients at risk for future cardiovascular events.
|
Background |
|---|
Atherosclerosis is a chronic, systemic, and diffuse disease with focal complications in different vascular beds. The mechanisms by which a specific site is rendered more prone to the development of symptomatic disease and cardiovascular events are not known. The observation that all stages of atherosclerosis may be at distant and at multiple locations simultaneously but at the same time may spare entire segments may give rise to the hypothesis that the interface and interaction between the vascular wall and the circulation is the primary site of the mechanism underlying cardiovascular events.1
The endothelium is the monolayer of endothelial cells lining the lumen of the vascular beds and is mechanically and metabolically strategically located, separating the vascular wall from the circulation and the blood components.1,2 To fully understand the mechanism by which alteration in endothelial function may lead to cardiovascular events, we need to extend our vision and concepts
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  R. Rubinshtein, E. H. Yang, C. S. Rihal, A. Prasad, R. J. Lennon, P. J. Best, L. O. Lerman, and A. Lerman Coronary microcirculatory vasodilator function in relation to risk factors among patients without obstructive coronary disease and low to intermediate Framingham score Eur. Heart J., November 5, 2009; (2009) ehp459v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Versari, E. Daghini, A. Virdis, L. Ghiadoni, and S. Taddei Endothelial Dysfunction as a Target for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Diabetes Care, November 1, 2009; 32(suppl_2): S314 - S321. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. J. Shaw, R. Bugiardini, and C. N. B. Merz Women and ischemic heart disease: evolving knowledge. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 20, 2009; 54(17): 1561 - 1575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S Lavi, J-H Bae, C S Rihal, A Prasad, G W Barsness, R J Lennon, D R Holmes Jr, and A Lerman Segmental coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with minimal atherosclerosis is associated with necrotic core plaques Heart, September 15, 2009; 95(18): 1525 - 1530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Yamamoto, K. Kataoka, Y.-F. Dong, T. Nakamura, M. Fukuda, Y. Tokutomi, S. Matsuba, H. Nako, N. Nakagata, T. Kaneko, et al. Aliskiren Enhances the Protective Effects of Valsartan Against Cardiovascular and Renal Injury in Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Deficient Mice Hypertension, September 1, 2009; 54(3): 633 - 638. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Cassar, P. Chareonthaitawee, C. S. Rihal, A. Prasad, R. J. Lennon, L. O. Lerman, and A. Lerman Lack of Correlation Between Noninvasive Stress Tests and Invasive Coronary Vasomotor Dysfunction in Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease Circ Cardiovasc Interv, June 1, 2009; 2(3): 237 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Virdis, R. Colucci, D. Versari, N. Ghisu, M. Fornai, L. Antonioli, E. Duranti, E. Daghini, C. Giannarelli, C. Blandizzi, et al. Atorvastatin Prevents Endothelial Dysfunction in Mesenteric Arteries From Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Role of Cyclooxygenase 2-Derived Contracting Prostanoids Hypertension, June 1, 2009; 53(6): 1008 - 1016. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Gulati, R. M. Cooper-DeHoff, C. McClure, B. D. Johnson, L. J. Shaw, E. M. Handberg, I. Zineh, S. F. Kelsey, M. F. Arnsdorf, H. R. Black, et al. Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Report From the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Study and the St James Women Take Heart Project Arch Intern Med, May 11, 2009; 169(9): 843 - 850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Froehlich, R. Gulati, B. Boilson, T. Witt, A. Harbuzariu, L. Kleppe, A. B. Dietz, A. Lerman, and R. D. Simari Carotid Repair Using Autologous Adipose-Derived Endothelial Cells Stroke, May 1, 2009; 40(5): 1886 - 1891. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Tzivoni and M. W. Krucoff Continuous ST-Segment Monitoring in Contemporary Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: The Magic of MERLIN-TIMI 36 J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 21, 2009; 53(16): 1422 - 1424. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. J. Al Badarin, I. J. Kullo, S. L. Kopecky, and R. J. Thomas Impact of Ezetimibe on Atherosclerosis: Is the Jury Still Out? Mayo Clin. Proc., April 1, 2009; 84(4): 353 - 361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Giannarelli, A. Virdis, F. De Negri, A. Magagna, E. Duranti, A. Salvetti, and S. Taddei Effect of Sulfaphenazole on Tissue Plasminogen Activator Release in Normotensive Subjects and Hypertensive Patients Circulation, March 31, 2009; 119(12): 1625 - 1633. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Versari, E. Daghini, A. Virdis, L. Ghiadoni, and S. Taddei The ageing endothelium, cardiovascular risk and disease in man Exp Physiol, March 1, 2009; 94(3): 317 - 321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Chen, I-C. Peng, W. Sun, M.-I Su, P.-H. Hsu, Y. Fu, Y. Zhu, K. DeFea, S. Pan, M.-D. Tsai, et al. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Functionally Phosphorylates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Ser633 Circ. Res., February 27, 2009; 104(4): 496 - 505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Virdis, R. Colucci, M. Fornai, A. Polini, E. Daghini, E. Duranti, N. Ghisu, D. Versari, A. Dardano, C. Blandizzi, et al. Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Is Involved in Endothelial Dysfunction of Mesenteric Small Arteries from Hypothyroid Rats Endocrinology, February 1, 2009; 150(2): 1033 - 1042. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Ganz and P. Y. Hsue Individualized approach to the management of coronary heart disease identifying the nonresponders before it is too late. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 27, 2009; 53(4): 331 - 333. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Cosentino, R. Battista, A. Scuteri, F. De Sensi, L. De Siati, C. Di Russo, G. G. Camici, and M. Volpe Impact of Fasting Glycemia and Regional Cerebral Perfusion in Diabetic Subjects: A Study With Technetium-99m-Ethyl Cysteinate Dimer Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Stroke, January 1, 2009; 40(1): 306 - 308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Cosentino, L. Rydén, P. Francia, and L. G. Mellbin CHAPTER 14 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, January 1, 2009; 2(1): med-9780199566990-chapter - med-9780199566990-chapter. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Frankel, J. B. Meigs, J. M. Massaro, P. W.F. Wilson, C. J. O'Donnell, R. B. D'Agostino, and G. H. Tofler Von Willebrand Factor, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: The Framingham Offspring Study Circulation, December 9, 2008; 118(24): 2533 - 2539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Siekmeier, T. Grammer, and W. Marz Roles of Oxidants, Nitric Oxide, and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Endothelial Function Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, December 1, 2008; 13(4): 279 - 297. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Gossl, U. I. Modder, E. J. Atkinson, A. Lerman, and S. Khosla Osteocalcin Expression by Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients With Coronary Atherosclerosis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 14, 2008; 52(16): 1314 - 1325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Bourgoin, H. Bachelard, M. Badeau, S. Melancon, M. Pitre, R. Lariviere, and A. Nadeau Endothelial and vascular dysfunctions and insulin resistance in rats fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2008; 295(3): H1044 - H1055. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Yamamoto, Y.-F. Dong, K. Kataoka, T. Yamashita, Y. Tokutomi, S. Matsuba, H. Ichijo, H. Ogawa, and S. Kim-Mitsuyama Olmesartan Prevents Cardiovascular Injury and Hepatic Steatosis in Obesity and Diabetes, Accompanied by Apoptosis Signal Regulating Kinase-1 Inhibition Hypertension, September 1, 2008; 52(3): 573 - 580. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Dhaun, J. Goddard, D. E. Kohan, D. M. Pollock, E. L. Schiffrin, and D. J. Webb Role of Endothelin-1 in Clinical Hypertension: 20 Years On Hypertension, September 1, 2008; 52(3): 452 - 459. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Abbott Revealing the Silver and Red Lining in Drug-Eluting Stents With Angioscopy Circ Cardiovasc Interv, August 1, 2008; 1(1): 7 - 9. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Gilmartin, R. Tamisier, M. Curley, and J. W. Weiss Ventilatory, hemodynamic, sympathetic nervous system, and vascular reactivity changes after recurrent nocturnal sustained hypoxia in humans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2008; 295(2): H778 - H785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Giannarelli, A. Virdis, F. De Negri, E. Duranti, A. Magagna, L. Ghiadoni, A. Salvetti, and S. Taddei Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Release in Healthy Subjects and Hypertensive Patients: Relationship With {beta}-Adrenergic Receptors and the Nitric Oxide Pathway Hypertension, August 1, 2008; 52(2): 314 - 321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Settergren, F. Bohm, L. Ryden, and J. Pernow Cholesterol lowering is more important than pleiotropic effects of statins for endothelial function in patients with dysglycaemia and coronary artery disease Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2008; 29(14): 1753 - 1760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Han, J. H. Bae, D. R. Holmes Jr, R. J. Lennon, E. Eeckhout, G. W. Barsness, C. S. Rihal, and A. Lerman Sex differences in atheroma burden and endothelial function in patients with early coronary atherosclerosis Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2008; 29(11): 1359 - 1369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Celermajer Reliable Endothelial Function Testing: At Our Fingertips? Circulation, May 13, 2008; 117(19): 2428 - 2430. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. D. Schocken, E. J. Benjamin, G. C. Fonarow, H. M. Krumholz, D. Levy, G. A. Mensah, J. Narula, E. S. Shor, J. B. Young, and Y. Hong Prevention of Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Councils on Epidemiology and Prevention, Clinical Cardiology, Cardiovascular Nursing, and High Blood Pressure Research; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group; and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Group Circulation, May 13, 2008; 117(19): 2544 - 2565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Celermajer and M. K.C. Ng Where There's Smoke... J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 6, 2008; 51(18): 1772 - 1774. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Li, J.-P. del Rincon, L. A. Jahn, Y. Wu, B. Gaylinn, M. O. Thorner, and Z. Liu Growth Hormone Exerts Acute Vascular Effects Independent of Systemic or Muscle Insulin-like Growth Factor I J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2008; 93(4): 1379 - 1385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F Cosentino, D Hurlimann, C Delli Gatti, R Chenevard, N Blau, N J Alp, K M Channon, M Eto, P Lerch, F Enseleit, et al. Chronic treatment with tetrahydrobiopterin reverses endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in hypercholesterolaemia Heart, April 1, 2008; 94(4): 487 - 492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Golbin, V. K. Somers, and S. M. Caples Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Cardiovascular Disease, and Pulmonary Hypertension Proceedings of the ATS, February 15, 2008; 5(2): 200 - 206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. V. Brauner, L. Forchhammer, P. Moller, L. Barregard, L. Gunnarsen, A. Afshari, P. Wahlin, M. Glasius, L. O. Dragsted, S. Basu, et al. Indoor Particles Affect Vascular Function in the Aged: An Air Filtration-based Intervention Study Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 15, 2008; 177(4): 419 - 425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Lavi, J. P. McConnell, R. Lavi, G. W. Barsness, C. S. Rihal, G. D. Novak, L. O. Lerman, and A. Lerman Association Between the Paraoxonase-1 192Q>R Allelic Variant and Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Early Coronary Artery Disease Mayo Clin. Proc., February 1, 2008; 83(2): 158 - 164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Ghiadoni, G. Penno, C. Giannarelli, Y. Plantinga, M. Bernardini, L. Pucci, R. Miccoli, S. Taddei, A. Salvetti, and S. Del Prato Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Alterations in Normotensive Subjects at Risk of Diabetes Mellitus Hypertension, February 1, 2008; 51(2): 440 - 445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Perticone, R. Maio, A. Sciacqua, F. Andreozzi, G. Iemma, M. Perticone, C. Zoccali, and G. Sesti Endothelial Dysfunction and C-Reactive Protein Are Risk Factors for Diabetes in Essential Hypertension Diabetes, January 1, 2008; 57(1): 167 - 171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Yamamoto, K. Kataoka, H. Shintaku, T. Yamashita, Y. Tokutomi, Y.-F. Dong, S. Matsuba, H. Ichijo, H. Ogawa, and S. Kim-Mitsuyama Novel Mechanism and Role of Angiotensin II Induced Vascular Endothelial Injury in Hypertensive Diastolic Heart Failure Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2007; 27(12): 2569 - 2575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Steinberg, O. A. Harari, E. A. Lidington, J. J. Boyle, M. Nohadani, A. M. Samarel, M. Ohba, D. O. Haskard, and J. C. Mason A Protein Kinase C{epsilon}-Anti-apoptotic Kinase Signaling Complex Protects Human Vascular Endothelial Cells against Apoptosis through Induction of Bcl-2 J. Biol. Chem., November 2, 2007; 282(44): 32288 - 32297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Gossl, L. O. Lerman, and A. Lerman Frontiers in Nephrology: Early Atherosclerosis A View Beyond the Lumen J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2007; 18(11): 2836 - 2842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Tongers and D. W. Losordo Frontiers in Nephrology: The Evolving Therapeutic Applications of Endothelial Progenitor Cells J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2007; 18(11): 2843 - 2852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Bohm and J. Pernow The importance of endothelin-1 for vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular disease Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2007; 76(1): 8 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Thielmann, M. Neuhauser, S. Knipp, E. Kottenberg-Assenmacher, A. Marr, N. Pizanis, M. Hartmann, M. Kamler, P. Massoudy, and H. Jakob Prognostic impact of previous percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes mellitus and triple-vessel disease undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., August 1, 2007; 134(2): 470 - 476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Shenouda and J. A. Vita Effects of Flavonoid-Containing Beverages and EGCG on Endothelial Function J. Am. Coll. Nutr., August 1, 2007; 26(4): 366S - 372S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Migliacci, C. Becattini, R. Pesavento, G. Davi, M. C. Vedovati, G. Guglielmini, E. Falcinelli, G. Ciabattoni, F. Dalla Valle, P. Prandoni, et al. Endothelial dysfunction in patients with spontaneous venous thromboembolism Haematologica, June 1, 2007; 92(6): 812 - 818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Lavi, A. Prasad, E. H. Yang, V. Mathew, R. D. Simari, C. S. Rihal, L. O. Lerman, and A. Lerman Smoking Is Associated With Epicardial Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction and Elevated White Blood Cell Count in Patients With Chest Pain and Early Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, May 22, 2007; 115(20): 2621 - 2627. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Akita, H. Otani, S. Matsuhisa, S. Kyoi, C. Enoki, R. Hattori, H. Imamura, H. Kamihata, Y. Kimura, and T. Iwasaka Exercise-induced activation of cardiac sympathetic nerve triggers cardioprotection via redox-sensitive activation of eNOS and upregulation of iNOS Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): H2051 - H2059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Boerrigter, L. C. Costello-Boerrigter, A. Cataliotti, H. Lapp, J.-P. Stasch, and J. C. Burnett Jr Targeting Heme-Oxidized Soluble Guanylate Cyclase in Experimental Heart Failure Hypertension, May 1, 2007; 49(5): 1128 - 1133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. J. Kullo and A. R. Malik Arterial Ultrasonography and Tonometry as Adjuncts to Cardiovascular Risk Stratification J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 3, 2007; 49(13): 1413 - 1426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Lerman, D. R. Holmes, J. Herrmann, and B. J. Gersh Microcirculatory dysfunction in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: cause, consequence, or both? Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2007; 28(7): 788 - 797. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. O. Lerman and A. Lerman All Oxidase Roads Lead to Angiotensin, Too Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2007; 27(4): 703 - 704. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Giannarelli, F. De Negri, A. Virdis, L. Ghiadoni, A. Cipriano, A. Magagna, S. Taddei, and A. Salvetti Nitric Oxide Modulates Tissue Plasminogen Activator Release in Normotensive Subjects and Hypertensive Patients Hypertension, April 1, 2007; 49(4): 878 - 884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. G. Camici, M. Schiavoni, P. Francia, M. Bachschmid, I. Martin-Padura, M. Hersberger, F. C. Tanner, P. Pelicci, M. Volpe, P. Anversa, et al. Genetic deletion of p66Shc adaptor protein prevents hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress PNAS, March 20, 2007; 104(12): 5217 - 5222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Tonetti, F. D'Aiuto, L. Nibali, A. Donald, C. Storry, M. Parkar, J. Suvan, A. D. Hingorani, P. Vallance, and J. Deanfield Treatment of Periodontitis and Endothelial Function N. Engl. J. Med., March 1, 2007; 356(9): 911 - 920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Gross, P. Tilly, D. Hentsch, J.-L. Vonesch, and J.-E. Fabre Vascular wall-produced prostaglandin E2 exacerbates arterial thrombosis and atherothrombosis through platelet EP3 receptors J. Exp. Med., February 19, 2007; 204(2): 311 - 320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Nohria, M. E. Grunert, Y. Rikitake, K. Noma, A. Prsic, P. Ganz, J. K. Liao, and M. A. Creager Rho Kinase Inhibition Improves Endothelial Function in Human Subjects With Coronary Artery Disease Circ. Res., December 8, 2006; 99(12): 1426 - 1432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Kern, A. Lerman, J.-W. Bech, B. De Bruyne, E. Eeckhout, W. F. Fearon, S. T. Higano, M. J. Lim, M. Meuwissen, J. J. Piek, et al. Physiological Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Committee on Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiac Catheterization, Council on Clinical Cardiology Circulation, September 19, 2006; 114(12): 1321 - 1341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Iida, H. Luo, K. Hagisawa, T. Akima, P. K. Shah, T. Z. Naqvi, and R. J. Siegel Noninvasive Low-Frequency Ultrasound Energy Causes Vasodilation in Humans J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 2006; 48(3): 532 - 537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. F. Kelland and D. J. Webb Clinical Trials of Endothelin Antagonists in Heart Failure: A Question of Dose? Experimental Biology and Medicine, June 1, 2006; 231(6): 696 - 699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. J. Gomes and E. Buffolo Coronary stenting and inflammation: implications for further surgical and medical treatment. Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 2006; 81(5): 1918 - 1925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Elesber, H. Solomon, R. J. Lennon, V. Mathew, A. Prasad, G. Pumper, R. E. Nelson, J. P. McConnell, L. O. Lerman, and A. Lerman Coronary endothelial dysfunction is associated with erectile dysfunction and elevated asymmetric dimethylarginine in patients with early atherosclerosis Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2006; 27(7): 824 - 831. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Dhaun, J. Goddard, and DavidJ. Webb The Endothelin System and Its Antagonism in Chronic Kidney Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2006; 17(4): 943 - 955. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. H. Schindler, J. Cardenas, J. O. Prior, A. D. Facta, M. C. Kreissl, X.-L. Zhang, J. Sayre, M. Dahlbom, J. Licinio, and H. R. Schelbert Relationship Between Increasing Body Weight, Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Adipocytokine Leptin, and Coronary Circulatory Function J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 21, 2006; 47(6): 1188 - 1195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Yang and X.-F. Ming Recent advances in understanding endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Clin. Med. Res., March 1, 2006; 4(1): 53 - 65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Meigs, C. J. O'Donnell, G. H. Tofler, E. J. Benjamin, C. S. Fox, I. Lipinska, D. M. Nathan, L. M. Sullivan, R. B. D'Agostino, and P. W.F. Wilson Hemostatic Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The Framingham Offspring Study Diabetes, February 1, 2006; 55(2): 530 - 537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Namdar, P. Koepfli, R. Grathwohl, P. T. Siegrist, M. Klainguti, T. Schepis, R. Delaloye, C. A. Wyss, S. P. Fleischmann, O. Gaemperli, et al. Caffeine Decreases Exercise-Induced Myocardial Flow Reserve J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 17, 2006; 47(2): 405 - 410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Domenech Preconditioning: A New Concept About the Benefit of Exercise Circulation, January 3, 2006; 113(1): e1 - e3. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Lerman and E. Eeckhout Coronary endothelial dysfunction following sirolimus-eluting stent placement: should we worry about it? Eur. Heart J., January 2, 2006; 27(2): 125 - 126. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Cosson, I. Pham, P. Valensi, J. Paries, J.-R. Attali, and A. Nitenberg Impaired Coronary Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation Is Associated With Microalbuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Angiographically Normal Coronary Arteries Diabetes Care, January 1, 2006; 29(1): 107 - 112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. H. Yang, J. P. McConnell, R. J. Lennon, G. W. Barsness, G. Pumper, S. J. Hartman, C. S. Rihal, L. O. Lerman, and A. Lerman Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Is an Independent Marker for Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2006; 26(1): 106 - 111. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|