Circulation, Vol 79, 1180-1188, Copyright © 1989 by American Heart Association
MR Malinow, SS Kang, LM Taylor, PW Wong, B Coull, T Inahara, D Mukerjee, G Sexton and B Upson
A micromethod adapted for automated determinations was used to measure
basal plasma levels of homocyst(e)ine [H(e)]. These levels included the sum
of free and bound forms of homocysteine, its disulfide oxidation product,
homocystine, and the homocysteine-cysteine-mixed disulfide. Two groups of
subjects were studied: apparently healthy individuals (n = 103) and
patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) (n = 47).
Because age in PAOD patients was higher than in control subjects, the
control subjects were subdivided into younger and older groups (aged 60
years or less and more than 60 years, respectively). The H(e) levels in the
younger groups were 11.18 +/- 3.58 (mean +/- SD, expressed as homocysteine)
and 8.58 +/- 2.82 nmol/ml in men and women, respectively; in the older
groups, the levels were 10.74 +/- 2.16 and 9.04 +/- 2.16 nmol/ml in men and
women, respectively. There was a positive correlation of H(e) levels with
age in the younger control women (r = 0.373; p less than 0.02); no
significant correlations were present in the other three control groups.
Levels of H(e) in PAOD patients (15.44 +/- 5.76 and 17.04 +/- 8.26 nmol/ml
in men and women, respectively) were significantly higher than those
indicated above in the older controls. Next, the PAOD patients were
assigned to two subgroups: 1) those with normal levels of H(e) (within two
standard deviations of the mean of the control values) and 2) those with
elevated levels of H(e). Age, cholesterolemia, and the prevalence of
smoking and diabetes were similar in both subgroups. These results suggest
that elevated plasma H(e) is an independent risk factor for arterial
occlusive disease.
ARTICLES
Prevalence of hyperhomocyst(e)inemia in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease
Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beavertno 97006.
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E. B. Rimm, W. C. Willett, F. B. Hu, L. Sampson, G. A. Colditz, J. E. Manson, C. Hennekens, and M. J. Stampfer Folate and Vitamin B6 From Diet and Supplements in Relation to Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women JAMA, February 4, 1998; 279(5): 359 - 364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. C. de Jong, C. D. A. Stehouwer, A. J. C. Mackaay, M. van den Berg, E. J. Bulterijs, F. C. Visser, J. Bax, and J. A. Rauwerda High Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinemia and Asymptomatic Vascular Disease in Siblings of Young Patients With Vascular Disease and Hyperhomocysteinemia Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 2655 - 2662. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. N. Hopkins, L. L. Wu, S. C. Hunt, B. C. James, G. M. Vincent, and R. R. Williams Lipoprotein(a) Interactions With Lipid and Nonlipid Risk Factors in Early Familial Coronary Artery Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 2783 - 2792. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. R. Lentz, M. R. Malinow, D. J. Piegors, M. Bhopatkar-Teredesai, F. M. Faraci, and D. D. Heistad Consequences of Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia on Vascular Function in Atherosclerotic Monkeys Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 2930 - 2934. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 K. Kottke-Marchant, R. Green, D. W. Jacobsen, A. Gupta, S. R. Savon, M. Secic, and K. Robinson High Plasma Homocysteine: A Risk Factor for Arterial and Venous Thrombosis in Patients with Normal Coagulation Profiles Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, October 1, 1997; 3(4): 239 - 244. [Abstract] [PDF]
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S. M. Schwartz, D. S. Siscovick, M. R. Malinow, F. R. Rosendaal, R. K. Beverly, D. L. Hess, B. M. Psaty, W. T. Longstreth Jr, T. D. Koepsell, T. E. Raghunathan, et al. Myocardial Infarction in Young Women in Relation to Plasma Total Homocysteine, Folate, and a Common Variant in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Circulation, July 15, 1997; 96(2): 412 - 417. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 G. R. Upchurch Jr., G. N. Welch, A. J. Fabian, J. E. Freedman, J. L. Johnson, J. F. Keaney Jr., and J. Loscalzo Homocyst(e)ine Decreases Bioavailable Nitric Oxide by a Mechanism Involving Glutathione Peroxidase J. Biol. Chem., July 4, 1997; 272(27): 17012 - 17017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. D'Angelo and J. Selhub Homocysteine and Thrombotic Disease Blood, July 1, 1997; 90(1): 1 - 11. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M.R. Malinow, F.J. Nieto, W.D. Kruger, P.B. Duell, D.L. Hess, R.A. Gluckman, P.C. Block, C.R. Holzgang, P.H. Anderson, D. Seltzer, et al. The Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation on Plasma Total Homocysteine Are Modulated by Multivitamin Use and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Genotypes Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 1997; 17(6): 1157 - 1162. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. Morita, J.-i. Taguchi, H. Kurihara, M. Kitaoka, H. Kaneda, Y. Kurihara, K. Maemura, T. Minamino, M. Ohno, K. Yamaoki, et al. Genetic Polymorphism of 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) as a Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, April 15, 1997; 95(8): 2032 - 2036. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. M. Ridker, C. H. Hennekens, J. Selhub, J. P. Miletich, M. R. Malinow, and M. J. Stampfer Interrelation of Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia, Factor V Leiden, and Risk of Future Venous Thromboembolism Circulation, April 1, 1997; 95(7): 1777 - 1782. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. Robinson, A. Gupta, V. Dennis, K. Arheart, D. Chaudhary, R. Green, P. Vigo, E. L. Mayer, J. Selhub, M. Kutner, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia Confers an Independent Increased Risk of Atherosclerosis in End-Stage Renal Disease and Is Closely Linked to Plasma Folate and Pyridoxine Concentrations Circulation, December 1, 1996; 94(11): 2743 - 2748. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. Ma, M. J. Stampfer, C. H. Hennekens, P. Frosst, J. Selhub, J. Horsford, M. R. Malinow, W. C. Willett, and R. Rozen Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphism, Plasma Folate, Homocysteine, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in US Physicians Circulation, November 15, 1996; 94(10): 2410 - 2416. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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B. Lubec, O. Labudova, H. Hoeger, A. Muehl, S. Fang-Kircher, M. Marx, W. Mosgoeller, and J. Gialamas Homocysteine Increases Cyclin-Dependent Kinase in Aortic Rat Tissue Circulation, November 15, 1996; 94(10): 2620 - 2625. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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F. M.T. Loehrer, C. P. Angst, W. E. Haefeli, P. P. Jordan, R. Ritz, and B. Fowler Low Whole-Blood S-Adenosylmethionine and Correlation Between 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate and Homocysteine in Coronary Artery Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 1996; 16(6): 727 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 P. J. Levy, C. A. Hornung, and D. S. Rush Lower Extremity Amputations in Adults Less Than Forty Years of Age: An Underestimated Risk from Premature Atherosclerosis Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, January 1, 1996; 30(1): 21 - 27. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. van den Berg, C. D.A. Stehouwer, E. Bierdrager, and J. A. Rauwerda Plasma Homocysteine and Severity of Atherosclerosis in Young Patients With Lower-Limb Atherosclerotic Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 1996; 16(1): 165 - 171. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. Robinson, E. L. Mayer, D. P. Miller, R. Green, F. van Lente, A. Gupta, K. Kottke-Marchant, S. R. Savon, J. Selhub, S. E. Nissen, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia and Low Pyridoxal Phosphate : Common and Independent Reversible Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, November 15, 1995; 92(10): 2825 - 2830. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. J. Boushey, S. A. A. Beresford, G. S. Omenn, and A. G. Motulsky A Quantitative Assessment of Plasma Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Vascular Disease: Probable Benefits of Increasing Folic Acid Intakes JAMA, October 4, 1995; 274(13): 1049 - 1057. [Abstract] [PDF]
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P. N. Hopkins, L. L. Wu, J. Wu, S. C. Hunt, B. C. James, G. M. Vincent, and R. R. Williams Higher Plasma Homocyst(e)ine and Increased Susceptibility to Adverse Effects of Low Folate in Early Familial Coronary Artery Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 1995; 15(9): 1314 - 1320. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. Lindgren, L. Brattstrom, B. Norrving, B. Hultberg, A. Andersson, and B. B. Johansson Plasma Homocysteine in the Acute and Convalescent Phases After Stroke Stroke, May 1, 1995; 26(5): 795 - 800. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. H. Rolland, A. Friggi, A. Barlatier, P. Piquet, V. Latrille, M. M. Faye, J. Guillou, P. Charpiot, H. Bodard, O. Ghiringhelli, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Vascular Damage in the Minipig : Captopril-Hydrochlorothiazide Combination Prevents Elastic Alterations Circulation, February 15, 1995; 91(4): 1161 - 1174. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. Rio, J. Montalban, M. Tintore, A. Codina, and M. R. Malinow Serum Homocysteine Levels in Multiple Sclerosis Arch Neurol, December 1, 1994; 51(12): 1181 - 1181. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. J. Stampfer, M. R. Malinow, W. C. Willett, L. M. Newcomer, B. Upson, D. Ullmann, P. V. Tishler, and C. H. Hennekens A Prospective Study of Plasma Homocyst(e)ine and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in US Physicians JAMA, August 19, 1992; 268(7): 877 - 881. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 S. Dayal, T. Bottiglieri, E. Arning, N. Maeda, M. R. Malinow, C. D. Sigmund, D. D. Heistad, F. M. Faraci, and S. R. Lentz Endothelial Dysfunction and Elevation of S-Adenosylhomocysteine in Cystathionine {beta}-Synthase-Deficient Mice Circ. Res., June 8, 2001; 88(11): 1203 - 1209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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