(Circulation. 1995;92:348-356.)
© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Early and Late Quantitative Angiographic Results of Vein Graft Lesions Treated by Excimer Laser With Adjunctive Balloon Angioplasty
From the Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.H.S., M.K.N., W.B.B., R.J.C.); St Anthony's Medical Center, Rockford, Ill (D.E.Y.); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.A.B.); Department of Medicine, Cornell–New York Hospital, New York, NY (T.A.S.); Department of Medicine, St Francis Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa (J.A.P.); Scott and White Hospital, Temple, Tex (L.E.W.); Penrose Hospital, Colorado Springs, Colo (R.M.); and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.E.T.).
Background Percutaneous excimer laser coronary angioplasty (PELCA) has been approved for treatment of diseased saphenous vein bypass grafts. However, detailed and complete quantitative angiographic analysis of immediate procedural and late follow-up results has not been performed.
Methods and Results PELCA using the CVX-300 excimer laser system
was performed in 125 bypass lesions (mean graft age, 96±53 months;
range, 2 to 240 months) in 106 consecutive patients at eight centers.
Quantitative analyses of the procedural and follow-up angiograms were
done with the Cardiac Measurement System. Stand-alone PELCA was done in
21 lesions (17%). Lesions were located at the ostium (20%), body
(67%), or distal anastomosis (13%). The graft reference diameter was
3.26±0.79 mm (mean±SD). Minimal lumen diameter increased from
1.09±0.52 mm before treatment to 1.61±0.69 mm after laser and
2.18±0.63 mm after adjunctive balloon dilation (P<.001)
but had declined at follow-up to 1.40±1.17 mm. Dissections were
evident in 45% of lesions after laser treatment (types A and B, 27%;
types C through F, 18%), including 7% occlusions. Angiographic
success (
50% diameter stenosis [% DS]) was 54% after laser and
91% after adjunctive PTCA, with an overall clinical success rate of
89%. In-hospital complications were death, 0.9%; myocardial
infarction (Q-wave and non–Q-wave), 4.5%; and bypass surgery, 0.9%.
Independent predictors of % DS after laser were reference diameter,
lesion length, and minimal lumen diameter before laser. At angiographic
follow-up in 83% of eligible patients, the restenosis rate per lesion
(DS >50%) was 52%, including 23 occlusions (24%). The only
independent predictor of increased % DS at follow-up was lesion
symmetry. Logistic regression indicated that smaller reference diameter
was an independent predictor of late occlusion. Overall 1-year
mortality was 8.6%. Actuarial event-free survival (freedom from death,
myocardial infarction, bypass surgery, or target vessel percutaneous
transluminal coronary angioplasty) was 48.2% at 1 year.
Conclusions Excimer laser angioplasty with adjunctive balloon angioplasty can be safely and successfully performed in diseased, old saphenous vein bypass graft lesions considered at high risk for reintervention. The extent of laser ablation remains limited by the diameter and effectiveness of the catheters. Late restenosis and, in particular, total occlusion mitigate the early benefits of the procedure. Other approaches such as the routine use of additional anticoagulation (eg, warfarin) should be considered to reduce the risk of late occlusions and restenosis after laser angioplasty of bypass grafts.
Key Words: bypass • lasers • angioplasty • restenosis • coronary disease
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