(Circulation. 1995;92:2327-2332.)
© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Adrenergic Control of the Force-Frequency Relation
From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego.
Correspondence to John Ross, Jr, MD, Department of Medicine, 0613B, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613.
Abstract This article briefly reviews recent experimental studies which show that ß-adrenergic receptor stimulation produces an important enhancement of the force-frequency relation on myocardial contractility. The basic property of the force-frequency effect to progressively enhance myocardial contractility as heart rate increases is augmented at each level of increasing adrenergic stimulation. This newly described intrinsic mechanism for the control of cardiac inotropic state, graded ß-adrenergic amplification of the force-frequency relation, is strongly manifested during normal exercise and infusion of a ß-adrenergic agonist at rest, and it influences both systolic and diastolic ventricular function. Significant impairment of adrenergic amplification of the force-frequency relation is observed in experimental heart failure and could contribute to impaired cardiac function during stress or exercise in this setting.
Key Words: heart rate • ventricles • heart failure • exercise
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