(Circulation. 1997;96:1432-1437.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Risk of Stroke and Myocardial Infarction
The Rotterdam Study
From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.L.B., A.W.H., A.H., D.E.G.) and Department of General Practice (A.W.H.), Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Julius Center of Patient Oriented Research (M.L.B., A.W.H., D.E.G.), Utrecht University, Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (P.J.K.), University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Correspondence to Prof D.E. Grobbee, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical School, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. E-mail D.E.Grobbee{at}med.ruu.nl
Background Noninvasive assessment of intima-media thickness (IMT) is widely used in observational studies and trials as an intermediate or proxy end point for cardiovascular disease. However, data showing that IMT predicts cardiovascular disease are limited. We studied whether common carotid IMT is related to future stroke and myocardial infarction.
Methods and Results We used a nested case-control approach
among 7983 subjects aged 
55 years participating in the Rotterdam
Study. At baseline (March 1990 through July 1993), ultrasound images of
the common carotid artery were stored on videotape. Determination of
incident myocardial infarction and stroke was predominantly based on
hospital discharge records. Analysis (logistic regression)
was based on 98 myocardial infarctions and 95 strokes that were
registered before December 31, 1994. IMT was measured from videotape
for all case subjects and a sample of 1373 subjects who remained free
from myocardial infarction and stroke during follow-up. The mean
duration of follow-up was 2.7 years. Results were adjusted for age and
sex. Stroke risk increased gradually with increasing IMT. The odds
ratio for stroke per standard deviation increase (0.163 mm) was
1.41 (95% CI, 1.25 to 1.82). For myocardial infarction, an odds ratio
of 1.43 (95% CI, 1.16 to 1.78) was found. When subjects with a
previous myocardial infarction or stroke were excluded, odds ratios
were 1.57 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.94) for stroke and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.18 to
1.92) for myocardial infarction. Additional adjustment for several
cardiovascular risk factors attenuated these
associations: 1.34 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.67) and 1.25 (95% CI, 0.98 to
1.58), respectively.
Conclusions The present study, based on a short follow-up period, provides evidence that an increased common carotid IMT is associated with future cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events.
Key Words: atherosclerosis • ultrasonics • risk factors
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H. Yokoyama, N. Katakami, and Y. Yamasaki Recent Advances of Intervention to Inhibit Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Stroke, September 1, 2006; 37(9): 2420 - 2427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. A. Volcik, R. A. Barkley, R. G. Hutchinson, T. H. Mosley, G. Heiss, A. R. Sharrett, C. M. Ballantyne, and E. Boerwinkle Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms Predict Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Carotid Artery Wall Thickness but Not Incident Coronary Heart Disease in 12,491 ARIC Study Participants Am. J. Epidemiol., August 15, 2006; 164(4): 342 - 348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. M. Dijk, Y. van der Graaf, M. L. Bots, D. E. Grobbee, A. Algra, and on behalf of the SMART study group Carotid intima-media thickness and the risk of new vascular events in patients with manifest atherosclerotic disease: the SMART study Eur. Heart J., August 2, 2006; 27(16): 1971 - 1978. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. J Roman, T. Z Naqvi, J. M Gardin, M. Gerhard-Herman, M. Jaff, and E. Mohler American Society of Echocardiography Report: Clinical application of noninvasive vascular ultrasound in cardiovascular risk stratification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography and the Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology Vascular Medicine, August 1, 2006; 11(3): 201 - 211. [PDF]
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 J. R. Crouse III Thematic review series: Patient-Oriented Research. Imaging atherosclerosis: state of the art J. Lipid Res., August 1, 2006; 47(8): 1677 - 1699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L.M.L. de Lau, P. J. Koudstaal, J. C.M. Witteman, A. Hofman, and M. M.B. Breteler Dietary folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 and the risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology, July 25, 2006; 67(2): 315 - 318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L. Pulkki-Raback, S. Puttonen, J. Viikari, and O. T. Raitakari Childhood Hyperactivity as a Predictor of Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness Over a Period of 21 Years: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study Psychosom Med, July 1, 2006; 68(4): 509 - 516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J.-C. Tardif, T. Heinonen, D. Orloff, and P. Libby Vascular Biomarkers and Surrogates in Cardiovascular Disease Circulation, June 27, 2006; 113(25): 2936 - 2942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. R.S. Fernandes, J. F. Polak, T. Edvardsen, B. Carvalho, A. Gomes, D. A. Bluemke, K. Nasir, D. H. O'Leary, and J. A.C. Lima Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Incipient Regional Myocardial Dysfunction in Asymptomatic Individuals: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 20, 2006; 47(12): 2420 - 2428. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Raggi Noninvasive imaging of atherosclerosis among asymptomatic individuals. Arch Intern Med, May 22, 2006; 166(10): 1068 - 1071. [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. S. Vasan Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease: Molecular Basis and Practical Considerations Circulation, May 16, 2006; 113(19): 2335 - 2362. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. K. Ikram, F. J. de Jong, M. J. Bos, J. R. Vingerling, A. Hofman, P. J. Koudstaal, P. T.V.M. de Jong, and M.M.B. Breteler Retinal vessel diameters and risk of stroke: The Rotterdam Study Neurology, May 9, 2006; 66(9): 1339 - 1343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. S. van der Hooft, J. Heeringa, G. G. Brusselle, A. Hofman, J. C. M. Witteman, J. H. Kingma, M. C. J. M. Sturkenboom, and B. H. Ch. Stricker Corticosteroids and the risk of atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med, May 8, 2006; 166(9): 1016 - 1020. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. M Yunker, J. S Parboosingh, H. E Conradson, P. Faris, P. J Bridge, J. Buithieu, L. M Title, F. Charbonneau, S. Verma, E. M Lonn, et al. The effect of iron status on vascular health Vascular Medicine, May 1, 2006; 11(2): 85 - 91. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. Lo, S. E. Dolan, J. R. Kanter, L. C. Hemphill, J. M. Connelly, R. S. Lees, and S. K. Grinspoon Effects of Obesity, Body Composition, and Adiponectin on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2006; 91(5): 1677 - 1682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Ashfaq, J. L. Abramson, D. P. Jones, S. D. Rhodes, W. S. Weintraub, W. C. Hooper, V. Vaccarino, D. G. Harrison, and A. A. Quyyumi The Relationship Between Plasma Levels of Oxidized and Reduced Thiols and Early Atherosclerosis in Healthy Adults J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 7, 2006; 47(5): 1005 - 1011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 K. P. Burdon, J. L. Bento, C. D. Langefeld, J. K. Campbell, J. J. Carr, L. M. Wagenknecht, D. M. Herrington, B. I. Freedman, S. S. Rich, and D. W. Bowden Association of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-N1 Polymorphisms With Coronary Calcified Plaque in the Diabetes Heart Study Diabetes, March 1, 2006; 55(3): 651 - 658. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Kardys, H.-H. S. Oei, I. M. van der Meer, A. Hofman, M. M.B. Breteler, and J. C.M. Witteman Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 and Measures of Extracoronary Atherosclerosis: The Rotterdam Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2006; 26(3): 631 - 636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Staub, A. Meyerhans, B. Bundi, H. P. Schmid, and B. Frauchiger Prediction of Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality: Comparison of the Internal Carotid Artery Resistive Index With the Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness Stroke, March 1, 2006; 37(3): 800 - 805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Jerico, H. Knobel, N. Calvo, M. L. Sorli, A. Guelar, J. L. Gimeno-Bayon, P. Saballs, J. L. Lopez-Colomes, and J. Pedro-Botet Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Patients: Role of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Stroke, March 1, 2006; 37(3): 812 - 817. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Poirier, T. D. Giles, G. A. Bray, Y. Hong, J. S. Stern, F. X. Pi-Sunyer, and R. H. Eckel Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight Loss: An Update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease From the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Circulation, February 14, 2006; 113(6): 898 - 918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. U.S. Mattace-Raso, T. J.M. van der Cammen, A. Hofman, N. M. van Popele, M. L. Bos, M. A.D.H. Schalekamp, R. Asmar, R. S. Reneman, A. P.G. Hoeks, M. M.B. Breteler, et al. Arterial Stiffness and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: The Rotterdam Study Circulation, February 7, 2006; 113(5): 657 - 663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H. Rexius, G. Brandrup-Wognsen, J. Nilsson, A. Oden, and A. Jeppsson A Simple Score to Assess Mortality Risk in Patients Waiting for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2006; 81(2): 577 - 582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Ohuchi, K. Kawazoe, H. Izumoto, and K. Yoshioka Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, February 1, 2006; 14(1): 43 - 46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Ranjit, A. V. Diez-Roux, L. Chambless, D. R. Jacobs Jr, F. J. Nieto, and M. Szklo Socioeconomic Differences in Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2006; 26(2): 411 - 416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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