From the Evans Memorial Department of Clinical Research and the Section
of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass
(A.K.J.); Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa (S.F.K., M.M.B.); University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (D.P.F.); St Louis University, St
Louis, Mo (B.R.C.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala
(V.B., L.D.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.B.M.); University of
Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Mass (B.H.W.); Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (C.W.); Duke University Medical Center,
Durham, NC (L.D.); and National Institutes of Health, Cardiology Branch,
NHLBI, Bethesda, Md (G.S.).
Correspondence to Alice K. Jacobs, MD, Section of Cardiology, Boston Medical Center, 88 E Newton St, Boston, MA 02118. E-mail alice.jacobs{at}bmc.org
Background—Numerous studies have
shown that women undergoing coronary
revascularization procedures do so at a higher risk
for an adverse outcome compared with men. However, the impact of
advances in technology and improvements in techniques on in-hospital
and long-term outcome after revascularization in
women is unclear.
Methods and Results—We evaluated 1829 patients with
symptomatic multivessel coronary disease randomized
to CABG or PTCA in the Bypass Angioplasty
Revascularization Investigation (BARI), of whom
27% were women. As expected, women were older (64.0 versus 60.5
years), with more congestive heart failure (14% versus 7%),
hypertension (68% versus 42%), treated diabetes mellitus (31% versus
15%), and unstable angina (67% versus 61%) than men but had similar
preservation of left ventricular function and extent of
multivessel disease. Women assigned to surgery received the same number
of total grafts but fewer internal mammary artery grafts (72% versus
85%, P<0.01), and those assigned to angioplasty had
more intended lesions (76% versus 71%, P<0.01)
successfully dilated than men. At an average of 5.4 years' follow-up,
crude mortality rates were similar in women (12.8%) and men (12.0%).
The Cox regression model adjusting for baseline differences revealed
that women had a significantly lower risk of death (relative risk,
0.60; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.84; P=0.003) but not a
significantly lower risk of death plus myocardial infarction (relative
risk, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.07; P=0.16) than men.
Conclusions—Although the unadjusted mortality rate suggests that
women and men undergoing CABG and PTCA have a similar 5-year mortality,
women have higher risk profiles; consequently, contrary to previous
reports, female sex is an independent predictor of improved 5-year
survival after we control for multiple risk factors.
© 1998 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports
Better Outcome for Women Compared With Men Undergoing Coronary Revascularization
A Report From the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI)
Key Words: coronary disease • angioplasty • surgery • women
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  C. Reid, B. Billah, D. Dinh, J. Smith, P. Skillington, M. Yii, S. Seevanayagam, M. Mohajeri, and G. Shardey An Australian risk prediction model for 30-day mortality after isolated coronary artery bypass: The AusSCORE J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 2009; 138(4): 904 - 910. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. A. Schwann, A. Zacharias, C. J. Riordan, S. J. Durham, A. S. Shah, and R. H. Habib Sequential radial artery grafts for multivessel coronary artery bypass graft surgery: 10-year survival and angiography results. Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2009; 88(1): 31 - 39. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. K. Jacobs Coronary Intervention in 2009: Are Women No Different Than Men? Circ Cardiovasc Interv, February 1, 2009; 2(1): 69 - 78. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Kulik, B-K Lam, F D Rubens, P J Hendry, R G Masters, W Goldstein, P Bedard, T G Mesana, and M Ruel Gender differences in the long-term outcomes after valve replacement surgery Heart, February 1, 2009; 95(4): 318 - 326. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Puskas, P. D. Kilgo, O. M. Lattouf, V. H. Thourani, W. A. Cooper, T. A. Vassiliades, E. P. Chen, J. D. Vega, and R. A. Guyton Off-Pump Coronary Bypass Provides Reduced Mortality and Morbidity and Equivalent 10-Year Survival Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2008; 86(4): 1139 - 1146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. O'Donoghue, W. E. Boden, E. Braunwald, C. P. Cannon, T. C. Clayton, R. J. de Winter, K. A. A. Fox, B. Lagerqvist, P. A. McCullough, S. A. Murphy, et al. Early Invasive vs Conservative Treatment Strategies in Women and Men With Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-analysis JAMA, July 2, 2008; 300(1): 71 - 80. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. A. Fox Pro: Newly Appreciated Pathophysiology of Ischemic Heart Disease in Women Mandates Changes in Perioperative Management Anesth. Analg., July 1, 2008; 107(1): 29 - 32. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L. Verheugt, C. S.P.M. Uiterwaal, E. T. van der Velde, F. J. Meijboom, P. G. Pieper, H. W. Vliegen, A. P.J. van Dijk, B. J. Bouma, D. E. Grobbee, and B. J.M. Mulder Gender and Outcome in Adult Congenital Heart Disease Circulation, July 1, 2008; 118(1): 26 - 32. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. H Mandegar, M. Marzban, A. H Lebaschi, P. Ghaboussi, A. R. Alamooti, and A. Ardalan Gender Influence on Hospital Mortality after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, June 1, 2008; 16(3): 231 - 235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Parolari, L. Dainese, M. Naliato, G. Polvani, C. Loardi, M. Trezzi, M. Fusari, C. Beverini, E. Tremoli, P. Biglioli, et al. Do Women Currently Receive the Same Standard of Care in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Procedures as Men? A Propensity Analysis Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 2008; 85(3): 885 - 890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. M. Bravata, A. L. Gienger, K. M. McDonald, V. Sundaram, M. V. Perez, R. Varghese, J. R. Kapoor, R. Ardehali, D. K. Owens, and M. A. Hlatky Systematic Review: The Comparative Effectiveness of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Ann Intern Med, November 20, 2007; 147(10): 703 - 716. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Puskas, F. H. Edwards, P. A. Pappas, S. O'Brien, E. D. Peterson, P. Kilgo, and T. B. Ferguson Jr Off-Pump Techniques Benefit Men and Women and Narrow the Disparity in Mortality After Coronary Bypass Grafting Ann. Thorac. Surg., November 1, 2007; 84(5): 1447 - 1456. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. R. Reynolds, M. E. Farkouh, A. M. Lincoff, A. Hsu, E. Swahn, Z. P. Sadowski, J. A. White, E. J. Topol, J. S. Hochman, and for the GUSTO V Investigators Impact of Female Sex on Death and Bleeding After Fibrinolytic Treatment of Myocardial Infarction in GUSTO V Arch Intern Med, October 22, 2007; 167(19): 2054 - 2060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Authors/Task Force Members, I. Graham, D. Atar, K. Borch-Johnsen, G. Boysen, G. Burell, R. Cifkova, J. Dallongeville, G. De Backer, S. Ebrahim, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary: Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts) Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2007; 28(19): 2375 - 2414. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Puskas, P. D. Kilgo, M. Kutner, S. V. Pusca, O. Lattouf, and R. A. Guyton Off-Pump Techniques Disproportionately Benefit Women and Narrow the Gender Disparity in Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Circulation, September 11, 2007; 116(11_suppl): I-192 - I-199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. L. Anderson, C. D. Adams, E. M. Antman, C. R. Bridges, R. M. Califf, D. E. Casey Jr, W. E. Chavey II, F. M. Fesmire, J. S. Hochman, T. N. Levin, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Developed in Collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 14, 2007; 50(7): e1 - e157. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. V.S. Bonarjee, A. Rosengren, S. M. Snapinn, M. K. James, K. Dickstein, and on behalf of the OPTIMAAL study group Sex-based short- and long-term survival in patients following complicated myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2006; 27(18): 2177 - 2183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Doenst, J. Ivanov, M. A. Borger, T. E. David, and S. J. Brister Sex-specific long-term outcomes after combined valve and coronary artery surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 2006; 81(5): 1632 - 1636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G W Mikhail Coronary revascularisation in women Heart, May 1, 2006; 92(suppl_3): iii19 - iii23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Stramba-Badiale, K. M. Fox, S. G. Priori, P. Collins, C. Daly, I. Graham, B. Jonsson, K. Schenck-Gustafsson, and M. Tendera Cardiovascular diseases in women: a statement from the policy conference of the European Society of Cardiology Eur. Heart J., April 2, 2006; 27(8): 994 - 1005. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. N. Bairey Merz, L. J. Shaw, S. E. Reis, V. Bittner, S. F. Kelsey, M. Olson, B. D. Johnson, C. J. Pepine, S. Mankad, B. L. Sharaf, et al. Insights From the NHLBI-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study: Part II: Gender Differences in Presentation, Diagnosis, and Outcome With Regard to Gender-Based Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis and Macrovascular and Microvascular Coronary Disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 7, 2006; 47(3_Suppl_S): S21 - S29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Jacobs Women, Ischemic Heart Disease, Revascularization, and the Gender Gap: What Are We Missing? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 7, 2006; 47(3_Suppl_S): S63 - S65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. A. Nussmeier Are women different from men in ways that matter? Maybe J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., February 1, 2006; 131(2): 264 - 265. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. K. Toumpoulis, C. E. Anagnostopoulos, S. K. Balaram, C. K. Rokkas, D. G. Swistel, R. C. Ashton Jr, and J. J. DeRose Jr Assessment of independent predictors for long-term mortality between women and men after coronary artery bypass grafting: Are women different from men? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., February 1, 2006; 131(2): 343 - 351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Guru, S. E. Fremes, P. C. Austin, E. H. Blackstone, and J. V. Tu Gender Differences in Outcomes After Hospital Discharge From Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Circulation, January 31, 2006; 113(4): 507 - 516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Lawton, H. B. Barner, M. S. Bailey, T. J. Guthrie, N. Moazami, M. K. Pasque, M. R. Moon, and R. J. Damiano Jr Radial Artery Grafts in Women: Utilization and Results Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2005; 80(2): 559 - 563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. H. Edwards, V. A. Ferraris, D. M. Shahian, E. Peterson, A. P. Furnary, C. K. Haan, and C. R. Bridges Gender-Specific Practice Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Perioperative Management Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 2005; 79(6): 2189 - 2194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Steuer, F Granath, U de Faire, A Ekbom, and E Stahle Increased risk of heart failure as a consequence of perioperative myocardial injury after coronary artery bypass grafting Heart, June 1, 2005; 91(6): 754 - 758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Lansky, J. S. Hochman, P. A. Ward, G. S. Mintz, R. Fabunmi, P. B. Berger, G. New, C. L. Grines, C. G. Pietras, M. J. Kern, et al. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Adjunctive Pharmacotherapy in Women: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association Circulation, February 22, 2005; 111(7): 940 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. A. Fox and N. A. Nussmeier Does Gender Influence the Likelihood or Types of Complications Following Cardiac Surgery? Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, December 1, 2004; 8(4): 283 - 295. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Mack, P. Brown, F. Houser, M. Katz, A. Kugelmass, A. Simon, S. Battaglia, L. Tarkington, S. Culler, and E. Becker On-Pump Versus Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in a Matched Sample of Women: A Comparison of Outcomes Circulation, September 14, 2004; 110(11_suppl_1): II-1 - II-6. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. L. Lazar, P. M. Bokesch, F. van Lenta, C. Fitzgerald, C. Emmett, H. C. Marsh Jr, U. Ryan, and OBE and the TP10 Cardiac Surgery Study Group Soluble Human Complement Receptor 1 Limits Ischemic Damage in Cardiac Surgery Patients at High Risk Requiring Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circulation, September 14, 2004; 110(11_suppl_1): II-274 - II-279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.C. Clayton, S.J. Pocock, R.A. Henderson, P.A. Poole-Wilson, T.R.D. Shaw, R. Knight, and K.A.A. Fox Do men benefit more than women from an interventional strategy in patients with unstable angina or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction? The impact of gender in the RITA 3 trial Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2004; 25(18): 1641 - 1650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Jessup and I. L. Pina Is it important to examine gender differences in the epidemiology and outcome of severe heart failure? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 2004; 127(5): 1247 - 1252. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Guru, S. E. Fremes, and J. V. Tu Time-related mortality for women after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A population-based study J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., April 1, 2004; 127(4): 1158 - 1165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Bairey Merz, R. O. Bonow, G. Sopko, R. S. Balaban, R. O. Cannon III, D. Gordon, M. M. Hand, S. N. Hayes, J. F. Lewis, T. Long, et al. Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation: Current Status and Future Research Directions: Report of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Workshop*: October 2-4, 2002 : Executive Summary Circulation, February 17, 2004; 109(6): 805 - 807. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Alfonso, M. H. Tayebjee, and G. Y.H. Lip Restenosis after coronary stenting: the 'gender paradox' Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2003; 24(24): 2239 - 2239. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Vaccarino and C. G. Koch Long-term benefits of coronary bypass surgery: Are the gains for women less than for men? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 2003; 126(6): 1707 - 1711. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. G. Koch, F. Khandwala, N. Nussmeier, and E. H. Blackstone Gender and outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting: a propensity-matched comparison J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 2003; 126(6): 2032 - 2043. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. G. Koch, F. Khandwala, N. Nussmeier, and E. H. Blackstone Gender profiling in coronary artery bypass grafting J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 2003; 126(6): 2044 - 2051. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. S. Rathore, J. M. Foody, M. J. Radford, and H. M. Krumholz Sex Differences in Use of Coronary Revascularization in Elderly Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Tale of Two Therapies Chest, December 1, 2003; 124(6): 2079 - 2086. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-C. Chang, P. Kaul, C. M. Westerhout, M. M. Graham, Y. Fu, T. Chowdhury, and P. W. Armstrong Impact of Sex on Long-term Mortality From Acute Myocardial Infarction vs Unstable Angina Arch Intern Med, November 10, 2003; 163(20): 2476 - 2484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Phillips Bute, J. Mathew, J. A. Blumenthal, K. Welsh-Bohmer, W. D. White, D. Mark, K. Landolfo, and M. F. Newman Female Gender Is Associated With Impaired Quality of Life 1 Year After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Psychosom Med, November 1, 2003; 65(6): 944 - 951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. K. Wenger Is what's good for the gander good for the goose? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 2003; 126(4): 929 - 931. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. G. Koch, C. M. Mangano, N. Schwann, and V. Vaccarino Is it gender, methodology, or something else? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 2003; 126(4): 932 - 935. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Lawton, S. J. Brister, K. R. Petro, and M. Dullum Surgical revascularization in women: unique intraoperative factors and considerations J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 2003; 126(4): 936 - 938. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Mehilli, A. Kastrati, H. Bollwein, A. Dibra, H. Schuhlen, J. Dirschinger, and A. Schomig Gender and restenosis after coronary artery stenting Eur. Heart J., August 2, 2003; 24(16): 1523 - 1530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Athanasiou, S. Al-Ruzzeh, R. D. Stanbridge, R. P. Casula, B. E. Glenville, and M. Amrani Is the female gender an independent predictor of adverse outcome after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting? Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 2003; 75(4): 1153 - 1160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Jacobs Coronary Revascularization in Women in 2003: Sex Revisited Circulation, January 28, 2003; 107(3): 375 - 377. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P J Bradshaw, K Jamrozik, M Le, I Gilfillan, and P L Thompson Mortality and recurrent cardiac events after coronary artery bypass graft: long term outcomes in a population study Heart, December 1, 2002; 88(5): 488 - 494. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. S. Fernandes, J. E. Tcheng, J. C. O'Shea, B. Weiner, T. J. Lorenz, C. Pacchiana, L. G. Berdan, K. J. Maresh, D. Joseph, M. Madan, et al. Is glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonism as effective in women as in men following percutaneous coronary intervention?: Lessons from the ESPRIT study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 18, 2002; 40(6): 1085 - 1091. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Jacobs, J. M. Johnston, A. Haviland, M. Mori Brooks, S. F. Kelsey, D. R. Holmes Jr, D. P. Faxon, D. O. Williams, and K. M. Detre Improved outcomes for women undergoing contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention: A report from the national heart, lung, and blood institute dynamic registry J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 15, 2002; 39(10): 1608 - 1614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. K Wenger Clinical characteristics of coronary heart disease in women: emphasis on gender differences Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2002; 53(3): 558 - 567. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-J. Rim, H. Leong-Poi, J. R. Lindner, D. Couture, D. Ellegala, H. Mason, M. Durieux, N. F. Kassel, and S. Kaul Quantification of Cerebral Perfusion With "Real-Time" Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Circulation, November 20, 2001; 104(21): 2582 - 2587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Lagerqvist, K.a. Safstrom, E. Stahle, L. Wallentin, E. Swahn, and the FRISC II Study Group Investigators Is early invasive treatment of unstable coronary artery disease equally effective for both women and men? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 1, 2001; 38(1): 41 - 48. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Smith Jr, J. T. Dove, A. K. Jacobs, J. Ward Kennedy, D. Kereiakes, M. J. Kern, R. E. Kuntz, J. J. Popma, H. V. Schaff, D. O. Williams, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for percutaneous coronary intervention (revision of the 1993 PTCA guidelines): A report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee to revise the 1993 guidelines for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) endorsed by the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 15, 2001; 37(8): 2239 - 2239. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Gibbons, D. D. Miller, P. Liu, P. Guo, M. M. Brooks, and M. Schwaiger Similarity of Ventricular Function in Patients Alive 5 Years After Randomization to Surgery or Angioplasty in the BARI Trial Circulation, February 27, 2001; 103(8): 1076 - 1082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Mehilli, A. Kastrati, J. Dirschinger, H. Bollwein, F.-J. Neumann, and A. Schomig Differences in Prognostic Factors and Outcomes Between Women and Men Undergoing Coronary Artery Stenting JAMA, October 11, 2000; 284(14): 1799 - 1805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Sprecher and G. L. Pearce How deadly is the "deadly quartet"?: A post-CABG evaluation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2000; 36(4): 1159 - 1165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Braunwald, E. M. Antman, J. W. Beasley, R. M. Califf, M. D. Cheitlin, J. S. Hochman, R. H. Jones, D. Kereiakes, J. Kupersmith, T. N. Levin, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-st-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A report of the american college of cardiology/ american heart association task force on practice guidelines (committee on the management of patients with unstable angina) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 2000; 36(3): 970 - 1062. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.E Roeters van Lennep, A.H Zwinderman, H.W.O Roeters van Lennep, H.E Westerveld, H.W.M Plokker, A.A Voors, A.V.G Bruschke, and E.E van der Wall Gender differences in diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease from 1981 to 1997. No evidence for the Yentl syndrome Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2000; 21(11): 911 - 918. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Stamou, G. Dangas, M. K.C. Dullum, A. J. Pfister, S. W. Boyce, A. S. Bafi, J. M. Garcia, and P. J. Corso Beating heart surgery in octogenarians: perioperative outcome and comparison with younger age groups Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 2000; 69(4): 1140 - 1145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Miller, R. Byington, D. Hunninghake, B. Pitt, C. D. Furberg, and for the Prospective Randomized Evaluation of the V Sex Bias and Underutilization of Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease at Academic Medical Centers in the United States and Canada Arch Intern Med, February 14, 2000; 160(3): 343 - 347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. B. Mark Sex Bias in Cardiovascular Care: Should Women Be Treated More Like Men? JAMA, February 2, 2000; 283(5): 659 - 661. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. O. Cheng, A. K. Jacobs, S. F. Kelsey, M. M. Brooks, D. P. Faxon, B. R. Chaitman, V. Bittner, L. Dean, M. B. Mock, B. H. Weiner, et al. Women Versus Men Regarding Outcome of CABG or PTCA • Response Circulation, April 13, 1999; 99 (14): e1922 - e1926. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 The BARI Study: Gender and Revascularization Journal Watch Cardiology, November 6, 1998; 1998(1106): 3 - 3. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 CABG and PTCA: Similar Mortality for Women and Men Journal Watch Women's Health, November 1, 1998; 1998(1101): 3 - 3. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Is There Really a Gender Gap in Coronary Revascularization Prognoses? Journal Watch (General), October 9, 1998; 1998(1009): 3 - 3. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Vaccarino, J. L. Abramson, E. Veledar, and W. S. Weintraub Sex Differences in Hospital Mortality After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Evidence for a Higher Mortality in Younger Women Circulation, March 12, 2002; 105(10): 1176 - 1181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|