(Circulation. 1999;99:666-673.)
© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
"Brugada" Syndrome
Clinical Data and Suggested Pathophysiological Mechanism
From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (M.A., A.W.), and the Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Institute, Utrecht University Hospital (A.W.), Netherlands.
Correspondence to Dr Marco Alings, AMC, Department of Cardiology, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, Netherlands. E-mail a.m.alings@amc.uva.nl
Key Words: Brugada syndrome • antiarrhythmia agents • arrhythmia • death, sudden • tachyarrhythmias
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Introduction |
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The occurrence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the absence of any structural heart disease is classified as "primary electrical disease" or (in the absence of any relevant findings) "idiopathic VF." This diagnosis implies that the arrhythmogenic substrate is inherent to the excitable and conducting properties of the heart. With the exception of a positive family history, demographic variables are, as a rule, not very helpful in establishing the diagnosis of primary electrical disease.1 The paradigm of primary electrical disease is the long-QT syndrome (LQTS), in which altered ionic channel function secondary to mutations in genes encoding ion channels has been shown to underlie QT-interval prolongation.2 3
In 1992, Brugada and Brugada4 described 8 patients with a
history of aborted sudden death and a distinct ECG pattern, consisting
of right bundle-branch block (RBBB) with ST-segment elevation in the
right precordial leads (V1,
V2, and V3, Figure 1
) and normal QT interval in the absence
of any structural heart disease (as determined by routine clinical,
biochemical, echocardiographic, and angiographic
examinations). In 4 of the reported patients, a family history was
suspected.
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Patients with these unique ECG abnormalities have been recognized as a
distinct subgroup in male Thai patients presenting with cardiac
arrest due to VF.5
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B. Martini, A. Nava, D. Corrado, G. Thiene, A. Wilde, and M. Alings Right Bundle-Branch Block, ST-Segment Elevation, and Sudden Death Response Circulation, April 25, 2000; 101 (16): e176 - e176. [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. A.M. Wilde and M. W. Veldkamp What we can learn from individual resuscitated patients Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2000; 46(1): 14 - 16. [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Deschenes, G. Baroudi, M. Berthet, I. Barde, T. Chalvidan, I. Denjoy, P. Guicheney, and M. Chahine Electrophysiological characterization of SCN5A mutations causing long QT (E1784K) and Brugada (R1512W and R1432G) syndromes Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2000; 46(1): 55 - 65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P Brugada, R Brugada, and J Brugada Sudden death in patients and relatives with the syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation in the precordial leads V1to V3and sudden death Eur. Heart J., February 2, 2000; 21(4): 321 - 326. [Abstract] [PDF]
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N. Makita, N. Shirai, D. W. Wang, K. Sasaki, A. L. George Jr, M. Kanno, and A. Kitabatake Cardiac Na+ Channel Dysfunction in Brugada Syndrome Is Aggravated by {beta}1-Subunit Circulation, January 4, 2000; 101(1): 54 - 60. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Bezzina, M. W. Veldkamp, M. P. van den Berg, A. V. Postma, M. B. Rook, J.-W. Viersma, I. M. van Langen, G. Tan-Sindhunata, M. Th. E. Bink-Boelkens, A. H. van der Hout, et al. A Single Na+ Channel Mutation Causing Both Long-QT and Brugada Syndromes Circ. Res., December 3, 1999; 85(12): 1206 - 1213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. B. Rook, C. Bezzina Alshinawi, W.A. Groenewegen, I. C. van Gelder, A. C.G. van Ginneken, H. J. Jongsma, M. M.A.M. Mannens, and A. A.M. Wilde Human SCN5A gene mutations alter cardiac sodium channel kinetics and are associated with the Brugada syndrome Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 1999; 44(3): 507 - 517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Dumaine, J. A. Towbin, P. Brugada, M. Vatta, D. V. Nesterenko, V. V. Nesterenko, J. Brugada, R. Brugada, and C. Antzelevitch Ionic Mechanisms Responsible for the Electrocardiographic Phenotype of the Brugada Syndrome Are Temperature Dependent Circ. Res., October 29, 1999; 85(9): 803 - 809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. R. Balser Sodium "Channelopathies" and Sudden Death : Must You Be So Sensitive? Circ. Res., October 29, 1999; 85(9): 872 - 874. [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. A. Papadatos, P. M. R. Wallerstein, C. E. G. Head, R. Ratcliff, P. A. Brady, K. Benndorf, R. C. Saumarez, A. E. O. Trezise, C. L.-H. Huang, J. I. Vandenberg, et al. From the Cover: Slowed conduction and ventricular tachycardia after targeted disruption of the cardiac sodium channel gene Scn5a PNAS, April 30, 2002; 99(9): 6210 - 6215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Wichter, P. Matheja, L. Eckardt, P. Kies, K. Schafers, E. Schulze-Bahr, W. Haverkamp, M. Borggrefe, O. Schober, G. Breithardt, et al. Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Brugada Syndrome Circulation, February 12, 2002; 105(6): 702 - 706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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