Published Online
on August 27, 2007

A more recent version of this article appeared on September 18, 2007

This Article Full Text (PDF) CME: Take the course for this article: Circulation: September 18, 2007, Volume 116, Number 12 All Versions of this Article: 116/12/1349    most recent CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678664v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Klug, D. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Klug, D. Pubmed/NCBI databases Medline Plus Health Information Endocarditis Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators Related Collections Pacemaker Ablation/ICD/surgery

Submitted on December 1, 2006
Accepted on June 25, 2007

Risk Factors Related to Infections of Implanted Pacemakers and Cardioverter-Defibrillators. Results of a Large Prospective Study

Didier Klug MD, PhD^*, Mamadou Balde MD, Dominique Pavin MD, Françoise Hidden-Lucet MD, Jacques Clementy MD, Nicolas Sadoul MD, Jean Luc Rey MD, Gilles Lande MD, Arnaud Lazarus MD, Jacques Victor MD, Claude Barnay MD, Bruno Grandbastien MD, Salem Kacet MD, for the PEOPLE Study Group

From Hôpital Cardiologique de Lille, Lille (D.K., S.K.); Département d’épidémiologie Université de Lille, Lille (M.B., B.G.); Hôpital Cardio-Pneumologique de Rennes, Rennes (D.P.); Hôpital la Pitié-Salpétrière, APHP, Paris (F.H.-L.); Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, Bordeaux (J.C.); Hôpital de Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (N.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Amiens, Amiens (J.L.R.); Hôpital Guillaume et René Laennec, Nantes (G.L.); Clinique Bizet, Paris (A.L.); Hôpital Universitaire d’Angers, Angers (J.V.); and Centre Hospitalier du pays d’Aix, Aix en Provence (C.B.), France.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dklug{at}chru-lille.fr.

Background—The Prospective Evaluation of Pacemaker Lead Endocarditis study is a multicenter, prospective survey of the incidence and risk factors of infectious complications after implantation of pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillators.

Methods and Results—Between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2000, 6319 consecutive recipients of implantable systems were enrolled at 44 medical centers and followed up for 12 months. All infectious complications were recorded, and their occurrence was related to the baseline demographic, clinical, and procedural characteristics. Among 5866 pacing systems, 3789 included 2 and 117 had >2 leads; among 453 implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, 178 were dual-lead systems. A total of 4461 de novo implantations occurred and 1858 pulse generator or lead replacements. Reinterventions were performed before hospital discharge in 101 patients. Single- and multiple-variable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors; adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. At 12 months, device-related infections were reported in 42 patients (0.68%; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.89). The occurrence of infection was positively correlated with fever within 24 hours before the implantation procedure (aOR, 5.83; 95% CI, 2.00 to 16.98), use of temporary pacing before the implantation procedure (aOR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.09 to 5.13), and early reinterventions (aOR, 15.04; 95% CI, 6.7 to 33.73). Implantation of a new system (aOR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.87) and antibiotic prophylaxis (aOR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.86) were negatively correlated with risk of infection.

Conclusions—This study identified several factors of risk of device infection and confirmed the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in recipients of new or replacement pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.

Key words: complications • defibrillation • pacemakers • risk factors

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